The East African
By L. MUTHONI
WANYEKI
Symbols are powerful things. Every tin-pot dictator knows this.
Symbolic
gestures are equally important. As Africans, we are so used to
being
embarrassed by our leadership, that the smallest of symbolic gestures
make
us disproportionately happy when it occurs.
We know, for
instance, that the Pan African Parliament established by the
African Union
has only advisory rather than legislative powers for its first
five years.
But we rejoice when it takes the step to condemn, in no
uncertain terms, the
goings-on in Uganda, which are clearly intended to
frustrate the only
serious presidential candidate that Yoweri Museveni has
to contend
with.
The symbolic gesture matters - not only to Kizza Besigye, but also
to all
Ugandans who want to see a deepening rather than an eroding of the
democratic gains of the past two decades.
This is why we are so very
concerned about the prospect of the AU's
presidency being assumed by Sudan
at the upcoming Summit. It does not bode
well for the symbolism of the
new-look AU to be headed by someone whose
government is still under
investigation by the International Criminal Court
for alleged crimes against
humanity in the Darfur region.
The situation in Darfur continues to be
grave. While peace talks continue,
with no noticeable breakthrough, attacks
on civilians by the Janjaweed
continue. Internally displaced populations are
at risk of starvation. As are
refugees across the border in Chad, as
humanitarian organisations consider
withdrawal in the face of hostilities
between Chad and the Sudan.
This is one of the issues that the upcoming
Summit will, no doubt, have to
consider as one of its top priorities. Which,
diplomatically, will be
nothing short of difficult - given the hosting of
the Summit by Khartoum and
the courtesies expected to be extended to the
incoming presidency.
AWKWARD INDEED. Proving the point that deferring a
problem never resolves
it - Sudan was actually meant to assume the
presidency last year. Instead,
Nigeria's presidency was extended for one
year and moving last year's Summit
to Sirte. As awkward as the determined
silence that the AU has maintained on
the situation in Ethiopia, host to its
permanent Commission and offices.
But consistency has never been one of
the AU's strong points. It allowed us
to feel proud about our capacity to
resolve our own problems when it
intervened in Togo following the death of
one of those few remaining African
presidents who went on and on and on -
much like an Eveready battery
purports to. But, its duty apparently done, it
sat back and did nothing
about the post-election fallout. And, of course, it
has said nothing on the
deteriorating situation in Swaziland (even the
mention of that ridiculous
king increasingly angers me beyond reason). Or on
the situation in Zimbabwe.
Lots of behind-the-scenes murmurs and 'serious'
negotiations between the
boys (It's far too complicated for the likes of us
to understand). Because
they are all boys - one of the welcome additions to
the upcoming Summit will
be Africa's first female president, Ellen
Sirleaf-Johnson of Liberia. So we
can expect a post-Summit photograph with
at least one colourful female
African outfit to break the blur of dark
suits.
But can we expect more action? Can we expect more progress on
living up to
the democratic, gender and human-rights commitments promised by
the AU's
Constitutive Act? Can we expect more movement on making the AU an
AU by and
of the African peoples? With Omar Bashir at its
head?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
L. Muthoni Wanyeki is the Executive Director of the African Women's
Development and Communication Network (FEMNET)
Mail and Guardian
Jean-Jacques Cornish: COMMENT
17 January 2006
03:00
After 19 tame and underfunded years, Africa's
human rights
watchdog appears to have grown teeth.
Not a
moment too soon, say the two South Africans most closely
associated with the
body known as the African Commission on Human and People's
Rights (ACHPR),
which is one of the few continental structures to have twice
criticised
rights abuses in Zimbabwe. At its end of the year session in
2005, the
commission came out strongly against the displacement of urban
shack-dwellers in Zimbabwe last year. Its report and critique will be taken
to the African Union summit in Khartoum on January 23.
Chief Electoral Officer Pansy Tlakula, who took her oath as a
new
commissioner at the ACHPR headquarters in Banjul, Gambia, last November,
says it is doing very good work. The commission, established in 1987,
comprises 11 members elected in their individual capacity by leaders at the
AU summit in a secret ballot.
They hold office for six
years and there is no limitation to the
number of times they may be
re-elected.
In the cozy days of the Organisation of African
Unity, the ACHPR
was little better than a group of political
appointees.
Things changed with the new-look AU. In 2002 the
ACHPR produced
a report critical of Zimbabwe government behaviour during the
election
campaign of that year.
Tlakula has been made
special rapporteur on freedom of
expression and charged with looking closely
at Swaziland, the Democratic
Republic of Congo, Tanzania and
Namibia.
Local election pressure drove Tlakula home before
the end of the
ACHPR session last month.
She was not in
Banjul for the vote on the resolution on
Zimbabwe.
It
also condemned the human rights violations being perpetrated
in Zimbabwe. "I
am fully aware of the resolution and I think it is a very
good one. It shows
commitment on the part of the ACHPR to uphold their tasks
and functions,"
says Tlakula.
University of South Africa's principal Barney
Pityana was an
ACHPR commissioner from 1997 to 2003 and did not seek
re-election.
He was co-author of the 2002 report that the
Zimbabwe government
tried for two years to suppress on grounds that it had
not seen it.
This time around, it has closed off that avenue
by angrily
responding to the latest report.
"The 2002
report on Zimbabwe was unprecedented," recalls
Pityana. "It was a battle to
get it through the African Union Commission.
Various members of the
executive were very uneasy. But, notwithstanding
their reservations, the
report went through. The commission was prepared to
have it in their report
to the summit, where it received proper attention.
"Previously, the ACHPR work did not come to the summit.
"Zimbabwe had serious objections to the 2002 report. They wanted
it removed,
which delayed its consideration. Eventually, it went to the
summit with a
reply from Zimbabwe.
"For years I had tried to get the ACHPR
to pay attention to what
was happening in Zimbabwe without much success. In
the end, I got them to
send a fact-finding mission to Zimbabwe." The mission
in 2002 comprised
Pityana and Jainaba Johm of Gambia.
"In
terms of the AU Charter, the responsibility of the
government had to be
affirmed," Pityana explains. "The latest report on
Zimbabwe, which expresses
alarm and condemnation, is even stronger. It came
out of the visit by Bahame
Tom Nyanduga (of Tanzania), who was sent by Alpha
Omar Konare to look at the
effects of the urban clean-up campaign."
The report will go
some way to giving some credibility to the
ACHPR, says Pityana. "I fought a
six-year battle to get them to take this
more seriously. Things changed for
the better with the appointment of Alpha
Oumar Konare as chairperson of the
AU Commission.
"Konare is fully supportive of the ACHPR. It's
properly funded
for the first time and it gets proper support and has a role
in the
reconstruction of Africa," says Pityana.
Our
rights representatives
The African Commission on Human and
People's Rights's (ACHPR)
chairperson is Salamata Sawadogo of Burkina Faso.
She is the first woman to
chair the body. A former Burkinabe ambassador to
Senegal and a judge, she
was chairperson of the Association of Women Lawyers
of Burkina Faso.
The vice-chairperson is Yasir Sid Ahmed
el-Hassan of Sudan. He
was chairperson of Sudan's advisory council for human
rights. Angela Melo of
Mozambique is the commission's special rapporteur on
the rights of women.
Bahame Tom Nyanduga of Tanzania heads the group dealing
with refugees and
displaced persons. He was sent by African Union Commission
chairperson Alpha
Oumar Konare to Zimbabwe in July last year to examine the
effects of the
controversial Operation Murambatsvina.
Mohammed Abdellahi Ould Babana of Mauritania, a former judge,
oversaw the
investigation in Mauritania's abortive coup in June last year,
three months
before the putsch that ousted president Mohamed Ould Taya.
Sanji Mwasenono Monageng of Botswana heads the group on the
prevention of
torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Pansy Tlakula
of South Africa is organising the local elections in March and
will get back
to ACHPR business after that.
Kamel Rezag Bara of Algeria
heads the group dealing with
indigenous populations. The other newly elected
commissioners with Tlakula
are Musa Ngary Bitaye of Gambia, Mumba Malila of
Zambia and Reine Alapini
Gansou of Benin.
AI Index: IOR 30/001/2006
(Public)
News Service No: 011
17 January 2006
African Union
Assembly Summit in Khartoum: An important opportunity to make
progress on
the protection of human rights in the Africa
In advance of the 6th
Ordinary Session of the African Union (AU) Assembly in
Khartoum Sudan,
between 23 and 24 January 2006, Amnesty International today
called on
African leaders to prioritise and make progress on the protection
of human
rights throughout the continent. The adoption of the Constitutive
Act of the
AU in 2000 containing fine statements on the promotion and
protection of
human rights raised expectations that African leaders were
prepared to take
a public stand against abuses of human rights in member
states, and to
reverse the deteriorating human rights conditions that have
characterised
many parts of the region for decades.
Although some limited steps have
been taken to implement the human rights
mandate of the AU, grave human
rights violations, including rape, torture
and unlawful killings continued
to be committed in many parts of Africa.
Impunity for human rights
violations remained widespread, despite some
international and continental
efforts to address the problem. There are
continuing human rights problems
in Darfur (Sudan) and Zimbabwe, among other
countries in the continent.
Furthermore, the establishment and
operationalization of the African Court
on Human and Peoples' Rights
continued to be delayed, two years after the
Protocol establishing it had
entered into force.
It is important for
the African leaders meeting in Khartoum to demonstrate
that they have the
political will to translate their expressed commitments
into reality. The
following recommendations highlight some areas which the
AU Assembly should
consider if it is to make progress towards the promotion
and protection of
human rights and fundamental freedoms across the region.
Addressing
impunity across the region
One of the fundamental objectives of the
Constitutive Act of the AU is to
condemn and reject impunity. However,
despite widespread and systematic
violations of human rights, most
perpetrators were not held to account,
while victims have been frequently
denied an effective remedy. In the past
decades, numerous human rights
abuses have plagued many parts of Africa.
African men, women and children
have been victims of genocide, war crimes,
crimes against humanity and other
crimes recognized under international law.
Of the 53 AU member states, 43
have signed or ratified the Rome Statute of
the International Criminal Court
(Rome Statute), including Chad and Senegal,
which bars any immunity,
including official capacity as head of state or
government, from
prosecutions of crimes under its jurisdiction. The Rome
Statute envisages
trials of heads of state, former heads of state and other
current or former
government officials in The Hague before the International
Criminal Court or
in any national court exercising its jurisdiction over
crimes under
international law
Amnesty International is aware that the Republic of
Senegal has proposed
that the AU Assembly meeting in Khartoum consider the
legal action that may
be taken to bring the former President of Chad,
Hissène Habré, to justice
for serious violations of human rights he
committed while in power. This
request followed complaints lodged by some of
his victims, initially in
Senegal and then in Belgium, and subsequent
indictment by a Belgian judge.
Amnesty International urges the AU
Assembly to ensure that any decision it
takes on the matter is consistent
with member states obligations as
mentioned above. It is important for
African victims to see justice done in
this case. Taking a decision on the
side of justice and lending its
authority to the promotion and protection of
human rights will enhance the
credibility of the AU, and will add value to
the very reasons that led
Africa to take the initiative to establish the
International Criminal
Tribunal for Rwanda, the Special Court for Sierra
Leone, as well as to play
a decisive role in the establishment of the
International Criminal Court.
The Senegalese Minister of Foreign Affairs,
Cheikh Tidiane Gadio, said on 27
November 2005 that Senegal "is very
sensitive to the complaints of the
victims who are demanding justice and
will refrain from doing anything which
could mean that Mr Hissène Habré is
not brought to justice". The Chadian
authorities have also publicly stated
that Hissène Habré could not claim any
type of immunity from extradition in
the case of compliance with proceedings
brought against him in a foreign
court for crimes under international law.
Amnesty International fully
supports these positions, and urges the AU
Assembly to demonstrate
leadership in favour of accountability, in line with
the spirit and letter
of the Constitutive Act, the African Charter on Human
and Peoples' Rights
and other international standards to which AU members
are committed by
ensuring that Senegal immediately fulfil its
responsibilities under
international law to extradite Hissène Habré to
answer the charges that have
been brought against him.
Darfur (Sudan)
Amnesty International
acknowledges the critical role being played by the AU
in finding solutions
to the conflict in Darfur, both by mediating between
the parties in the
conflict and by deploying peacekeeping forces with the
mandate of monitoring
the ceasefire agreement and protecting civilians.
Despite these efforts, as
remarked by the UN Secretary General in its latest
monthly report on Darfur
to the Security Council, "reports from the ground
confirm the marked
deterioration in the situation since September [...]
Large-scale attacks
against civilians continue, women and girls are being
raped by armed groups,
yet more villages are being burned, and thousands
more are being driven from
their homes""
Amnesty International believes that the AU must clearly
state to the
Sudanese government and armed groups that the peacekeeping
mission in Darfur
intends to fulfil its mandate and that it will take action
to protect
civilians wherever they are in danger.
The deterioration
of the human rights and humanitarian situation in Darfur
has prompted the
United Nations and the AU to reassess its response to the
conflict. Amnesty
International believes that the African Mission in Sudan
(AMIS) or any other
peacekeeping mission in Darfur must be given manpower,
resources and
logistics so that it can be deployed rapidly to all areas in
Darfur where
civilians are under threat. Although the AU needs international
support to
ensure this, it must itself take primary responsibility on the
effective
operation of AMIS.
Furthermore, AMIS or any peacekeeping mission in
Darfur should investigate
violations of international humanitarian law and
human rights law by
government forces or armed groups and should be able to
publish its reports
independently. The AU should immediately conclude and
put into effect the
cooperation agreement with the International Criminal
Court to ensure that
those suspected of crimes under international law can
be investigated and
prosecuted.
Zimbabwe
Amnesty International
remained gravely concerned by the continuing
violations of human rights and
the almost absolute impunity enjoyed by the
perpetrators in Zimbabwe. On 16
November 2005, Amnesty International
together with other international
non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and
African civil society
organizations published an appeal addressed to the AU
to express concern at
the deteriorating human rights situation in Zimbabwe,
including the
situation of hundreds of thousands of internally displaced
persons as result
of the forced evictions and demolitions carried out by the
government.
At its 38th Ordinary Session in November 2005, the
African Commission on
Human and Peoples' Rights condemned the deteriorating
human rights situation
in Zimbabwe. In its resolution, the African
Commission urges "the government
of Zimbabwe to implement without further
delay the recommendations contained
in the African Commission Report of the
2002 Fact-Finding Mission to
Zimbabwe and the recommendations in the July
2005 Report of the UN Special
Envoy on Human Settlement Issues" and makes a
series of recommendations to
improve respect for human rights in the
country, including the right to
freedom of expression, association and
assembly and the independence of the
judiciary.
Amnesty International
urges the AU to publicly call on the government of
Zimbabwe to respect its
obligations under the African Charter on Human and
Peoples' Rights and to
encourage it to comply with the recommendations
contained in the African
Commission's resolution. Amnesty International also
calls on the AU to renew
the mandate of its Envoy to Zimbabwe to investigate
the human rights
implications and humanitarian consequences of the forced
evictions and
demolitions.
African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
Amnesty
International remained seriously concerned that the African Court on
Human
and Peoples' Rights has still not been established two years after the
entry
into force of the Protocol on 25 January 2004. Amnesty International
is also
concerned that, as of 14 December 2005, only 22 of the 53 AU member
states
have ratified the Protocol. Of these, only Burkina Faso has made the
declaration under Article 34(6) of the Protocol, granting individuals and
non-governmental organizations direct access to the Court.
However,
Amnesty International welcomes the inclusion on the AU Assembly
agenda the
election of the eleven judges to the Court. We urge the AU
Assembly to
consider the following in the election of judges and in its
efforts to make
the Court operational and effective:
a.. The AU Assembly should ensure
that only judges of the highest quality,
commitment and integrity are
elected to the Court.
b.. The AU Assembly should ensure a fair
representation of men and women
from the main regions and legal systems of
Africa in the election of judges.
c.. Once fully established, the AU
Assembly should ensure that essential
human and financial resources are
provided to the Court, so that it is able
to carry out its functions
independently and effectively.
d.. The AU Assembly should encourage member
states that have not yet done
so, to ratify the Protocol without further
delay. States should also make
the declaration under Article 34(6) of the
Protocol.
AI Index: IOR
30/001/2006 17 January 2006
Last Updated: Tuesday, 17 January 2006, 11:36 GMT
By Jill McGivering
BBC News
Chinese Foreign Minister Li Zhaoxing is sweeping
through Africa on a
concerted charm offensive - signing economic deals,
raising Beijing's
diplomatic profile and highlighting along the way China's
newly trumpeted
policy of strategic partnership with Africa.
There
is no doubt of Africa's importance in fuelling China's
remarkable
growth.
China's rapacious energy needs are increasingly shaping its
foreign
policy, especially in regions like Africa, rich in natural resources
and
eager for investment.
China began its concerted effort in
boosting trade with Africa more
than a decade ago.
But more
recently, the pace has accelerated.
Chinese state media says the
volume of trade with Africa has
quadrupled in the past five years - to reach
about $37bn.
Of an estimated 700 Chinese-funded ventures in the
region, many are in
the field of energy and natural resources: oil and gas
development, copper,
cobalt, coal and gold mining.
Cheaply
manufactured goods from China, from clothing to household
goods, are now
flooding markets in Africa just as they are in many other
parts of the world
- and causing local manufacturers similar consternation.
Policy
But the change now is China's fresh resolve to define
publicly its
policy on Africa.
When Mr Li was just two
days into his African tour, the Chinese
government in Beijing issued an
official paper titled: "China's African
Policy".
The principles
it sets out are very much in keeping with China's
foreign policy in
general.
For example, an emphasis on what China calls the Five
Principles of
Peaceful Co-existence, which enshrines mutual territorial
respect,
non-aggression and non-interference in each other's internal
affairs.
That is a much less constraining philosophy than that of
most Western
governments - who may have ethical concerns about doing
business with
countries with non-democratic governments and/or human rights
concerns.
Last year, for example, Beijing had no qualms about
rolling out the
red carpet for Zimbabwe's President Robert
Mugabe.
Infrastructure
China's white paper also sets
out practical steps for formalising its
relationships and broadening them
far beyond friendly trade deals.
In politics, it advocates
continued visits and exchanges between
political parties.
On
trade, it promises, where conditions are ripe, to negotiate free
trade
agreements with African countries and regional organisations - and
emphasises too the Chinese government's own commitment to Chinese
enterprises investing in and doing business with African
countries.
The first Sino-African summit is expected to take place
towards the
end of the year in Beijing.
It also promises
increased support in developing Africa's
infrastructure.
This
is a field in which Chinese companies are already engaged -
building a
railway line in Angola and roads and bridges in Rwanda, for
example.
That pragmatic diplomacy looks set to
accelerate.
The Chinese government will now "vigorously encourage
Chinese
enterprises", the white paper states, to take part in building
African
infrastructure and scale up existing contracts.
The
emphasis, it says, will be on helping Africa to build its own
capacity -
with Chinese support targeted in strengthening areas such as
management and
technology.
It's a positive approach likely to reassure and please
many African
governments.
Worry
All this is being
watched with some concern by one of China's main
rivals in the global race
for energy: India.
One Indian newspaper, The Indian Express,
highlighted the white paper
as the latest evidence of their difference in
approach.
India is sleep-walking through new opportunities, it
said, while China
has put the continent at the top of its strategic
priorities.
Although Indian trade with Africa is also growing, it
is still a
fraction of China's - and Delhi isn't providing the same
strategic drive and
context as Beijing.
There are far fewer
high level political visits than from China which,
used with careful effect
by Beijing, can re-enforce economic commitment and
broaden the
relationship.
The white paper goes a long way in clarifying China's
growing African
strategy - and could prove a winning card in offering
practical and
diplomatic help in return for the economic and energy rewards
China so
craves.
Zim Online
Wed 18 January 2006
HARARE - The suspended opposition mayor of
Chitungwiza city Misheck Shoko
on Tuesday filed an urgent application at the
High Court seeking the court
to nullify his suspension saying the move was
motivated by political malice.
Shoko, who won the Chitungwiza mayorship
on an opposition Movement for
Democratic Change (MDC) party ticket, said
Local Government Minsiter
Ignatius Chombo had also acted outside the law
when he ordered his
suspension without pay or benefits.
"The first
respondent (Chombo)'s actions were grossly unreasonable, were
motivated by
political malice and capriciousness and were done when no
grounds reasonable
existed justifying invocation of Section 54 (2) of the
Urban Councils Act
Chapter 29:15," Shoko said in a signed affidavit.
"It is unfortunate that
Chombo has politicised his role as the administrator
of Urban Councils and
has tried to macro-manage and interfere with all local
authorities
controlled by the opposition. His actions are malicious,
vindictive,
immature and unreasonable," Shoko charged.
Shoko, who had been at odds with
Chombo since his election into office three
years ago, was suspended last
month.
Chombo accused the mayor of gross ineptitude. Shoko has however
rejected the
charge insisting his suspension was political as the ZANU PF
government
sought to reclaim urban councils from the opposition. Most cities
and towns
are in the hands of the MDC.
But Chombo has in the past few
years waged a bruising war against MDC-led
councils. In 2003, Chombo fired
Harare executive mayor Elias Mudzuri. He
later suspended the Harare council
and replaced it with a commission to run
the affairs of the city.
The
minister last year also suspended Mutare mayor Misheck Kagurabadza in
what
the opposition party said was a purge of opposition-run urban
councils. -
ZimOnline
Zim Online
Wed 18 January 2006
LUPANE - Twenty-nine year old Themba
Nkomo, dressed in a baggy grey
overall, is in a merry mood as he dances the
night away in a dimly lit
dilapidated "night club" at Lupane rural town,
about 170km north of
Zimbabwe's second largest city of
Bulawayo.
Nkomo, with a mug of opaque beer in his hand, is among
hordes of
revellers who are dancing to music blaring from an old
Japanese-made hi-fi
that was placed on the edge of the long wooden bar
counter.
Clouds of dust occasionally envelop the revellers
prompting a female
shop attendant to sprinkle some water on the cracked
cement floor to dampen
the floor and keep the dust down.
On the
sidelines of the partying lot, an elderly man with a bushy
moustache talks
to a young girl who is barely in her teens before the two
disappear into the
darkness.
Moments later another "couple" that was talking in hushed
tones in one
corner of the bar room in an attempt to reach some secret
agreement, also
follows out into the darkness.
Welcome to
Lupane, once a sleepy and largely conservative rural town
but now fast
deteriorating into a hive of prostitution, thanks to Zimbabwe's
six year
economic crisis.
Here, the deadly HIV/AIDS pandemic that is killing
at least 2 000
Zimbabweans every week appears of little concern to the young
women, many of
school going age, who are determined to sell their bodies in
order to
survive in a country where food, fuel, essential medicines and
virtually
every other basic commodity is in critical short
supply.
"Things are tough here and we need to survive," said Sihle,
an
orphaned girl, who agreed to speak to ZimOnline on condition that her
real
name was not published.
Aged 16, she said for her
prostitution was the only resort after her
grandmother with whom she had
lived died early last year.
"We did not create this situation, so
people should not judge us
harshly," she said, and for a moment the arrogant
defiance that is visible
on her face is absent.
Asked if she
insists on her clients to use condoms, Sihle at first
says she does but then
a minute later explains that there is a variation to
the rule.
"There are some clients who will offer to pay more to be allowed to do
it
without a condom . . . and if the amount offered is right we agree," she
said, confirming that despite the good work they have done, Zimbabwe's
HIV/AIDS activists still have a lot more to do to save these young girls
driven into prostitution by conditions not entirely within their
control.
But according to traditional leaders here, before the
government sends
HIV/AIDS educators it first needs to rein in its workers
at a government
house building scheme in the town who they blame for the
rise in
prostitution at Lupane.
The housing scheme is part of
the government's Operation Garikayi
under which it hopes to build houses for
thousands of families whose homes
it destroyed during its controversial
urban clean-up campaign last year.
However, headmen from villages
surrounding Lupane complained that
since the about 50 government
construction workers arrived on site many
young girls have abandoned home to
entertain the builders at Lupane centre.
"We have had meetings with
fellow villagers over the issue. We even
summoned the workers' foreman to
warn him over the conduct of his workers.
But it seems both our children and
the workers will not listen to us," said
headman Nicholas Moyo from
Mabhikwa village, not far from Lupane centre.
"It is bad for people
who should be coming to develop our area to
start killing our children," he
lamented.
A businessman at Lupane, who identified himself only as
Mkandla and
who runs one of the popular bars in the small town concurred
with the
village headman, saying while the construction workers had helped
boost beer
sales they were also to blame for luring young girls into
prostitution.
Mkandla said: "The construction workers created a
boom for us but that
has also had its negative impact because we are seeing
some very young girls
literally throwing their future into the
dustbin.
"And it is difficult for bar owners to ban these young
girls because
that would mean losing out on sales because the more girls are
in your bar,
the more men who come to buy beer."
But Lupane is
certain to incur an even bigger loss as more and more of
its young girls are
lured into bars to entertain men as prostitutes. -
ZimOnline
Zim Online
Wed 18 January 2006
HARARE - Matilda Banda heaves
two bags of potatoes onto her head,
swaying her neck sideways to find her
balance as she wades her way past the
rotting fruit and vegetable cast-offs
piling up into a stinking heap not far
from the rows of fresh fruit and
vegetables on sale.
A mere three hours of trading at the new farm
produce market near the
City Sports Centre on the western outskirts of
Harare has turned the unpaved
ground into a stagnant mass of mud, rotting
mangoes and cabbages after light
rains the previous night.
And
with every step Banda takes, she risks skidding and slipping into
pools of
mud mashed and pulped underfoot by hundreds of other vendors
plodding up and
down in search of produce for resale in Harare's outlying
residential
areas.
"After all this (shoving and pushing through the mud) the
next hurdle
is passing through town to get transport back home. Why do they
punish us
like this?" bemoaned Banda, one hand outstretched like an acrobat
trying to
find balance on a trapeze.
The 35-year old Banda, a
single mother from the low-income suburb of
Mabvuku, was referring to city
council officials, who hastily and without
warning decided to relocate the
popular Mbare Musika farm produce market
site from near the Mbare working
class suburb to the City Sport Centre in a
desperate bid to avert a cholera
outbreak.
Unlike the Mbare Musika, which was more centrally
positioned and
accessible, the new site is located near the up-market
Ridgeview suburb and
is inaccessible to the lower income groups who most
utilise the market.
Vendors have to foot long distances to reach the new
market site which is
far away from most traditional bus
termini.
Pushcarts that would have ameliorated transportation
problems have
been banned from the city streets.
Farmers and
market gardeners are also finding it hard to bring in
produce to the market
as lorries ferrying goods often get stuck in the
unpaved ground at the
market that has virtually become a sea of mud
following heavy rains that
pounded Harare in recent days.
"We lose business when trading
places are changed without
notification," complained the driver of a truck,
who was soliciting for
assistance to rescue his vehicle stuck in the mud
from a group of reluctant
onlookers.
Phillip Maroodza, 40, one
of the middlemen known as "makoronyera"
(scroungers) for short-changing
vendors complained that they were now
operating in the open without
protection from the rain and the sun despite
paying huge trading levies to
the council.
"Council has merely transferred a problem from one
location to the
other. At least we had a roof over our heads at Mbare,"
Maroodza told a
ZimOnline news crew that toured the City Sports Centre
market place.
The government appointed Commission running Harare
unilaterally
decided this week to relocate the farm produce vending market
from Mbare
fearing further outbreaks of cholera which killed three family
members in
Harare's Glen View 8 suburb.
The commission said the
relocation of the market plus other measures
it has taken have seen cholera
being brought under control in the capital
city. But the Combined Harare
Residents Association, (CHRA), a residents'
lobby group disputes this saying
it has evidence more people are visiting
the city's Beatrice Infectious
Diseases hospital seeking treatment for the
highly infectious water-borne
disease.
The pressure group also says it is dishonesty for the
Harare
commission to claim to be taking measures to prevent cholera while at
the
same time residents have gone for weeks without clean drinking water and
have to depend on unprotected wells for water.
"This
(relocation of market) was an unplanned move that demonstrates
negligence
and dereliction of duty on the part of the Commission," said
Precious
Shumba, spokesman for CHRA.
CHRA has threatened to take local
government minister, Ignatius Chombo
and the Harare Commission to court over
the forced relocation of the farm
produce market.
"The new
site has no sanitary facilities and exposes both vendors and
farmers to
cholera and dysentery infections in violation of the Public
Health Act,"
Shumba says.
But if there is anyone angrier against the Harare
commission for
relocating the produce market then it is the residents of
rich suburb of
Ridgeview who woke one day to find an unsightly market on
their doorstep.
Moosa Hassan, spokesman for the Old Ridgeview
Residents Association,
said residents feared an increase in crime and a
decline in the value of
their properties.
"Residents are
worried that the location of the market will attract
criminals to the area,"
he said, complaining that hordes of vendors and
vagrants now take shortcuts
through Ridgeview and Belvedere suburbs from the
high-density suburbs to get
to the open market at the City Sports Centre
"You should see how
the whole area has turned into an eyesore
overnight to appreciate the
residents' concerns," he adds.
Hassan says the residents are
worried that the produce market near
their suburb could become a permanent
feature following government's
announcement that it is embarking on a $29
billion refurbishment of Mbare
Musika.
"That kind of money
implies it is going to take time to complete
refurbishments and open Mbare
Musika again," he says.
"We shudder to think what will happen to
our properties if the market
becomes a permanent feature," Hassan
says.
Government has announced plans to establish and run similar
farmer's
markets in four working class suburbs. Permanent markets will be
opened in
Highfields, Hatcliffe, Dzivarasekwa and Mabvuku to ease congestion
at Mbare.
But this is a massive project that might take a little bit longer
before it
is completed.
"That scares us stiff," Hassan
says.
"It means these markets will be sited within residential
suburbs and
(will result in) the same amount of filth and garbage that led
to the
closure of Mbare Musika in the first place.
We wonder
whether this is legal, considering Harare has a development
master-plan
already in place," added the Ridgeview spokesman, no doubt
speaking for many
of the capital's ratepayers who have to endure the excess
of a commission
that is not accountable to them. - ZimOnline
Mail and Guardian
Fanuel Jongwe | Harare, Zimbabwe
17
January 2006 02:38
Feuding factions of Zimbabwe's main
opposition are to hold
separate congresses in coming weeks to elect new
leaders, officials said on
Tuesday, in a move that would confirm the split
within the party.
Once a major political force challenging
President Robert
Mugabe's grip on power, the Movement for Democratic Change
has become mired
in infighting over leader Morgan Tsvangirai's decision to
boycott Senate
elections last November.
A faction led by
Tsvangirai's Vice-President Gibson Sibanda and
secretary general Welshman
Ncube has been holding meetings to elect
delegates to a MDC congress planned
for next month.
"The official MDC congress is on during the
third week of
February to choose the people to lead the party for the next
five years,"
Ncube told Agence France-Presse.
"If there
is any other congress besides that, it's not an MDC
congress."
But Nelson Chamisa, a spokesperson for the
rival faction led by
Tsvangirai, said their congress, for which delegates
are being chosen in a
separate set of meetings, would take place in
March.
"The MDC congress is going to be held in March, some
time in the
second week," Chamisa said.
"Those who are
creating parallel structures to hold a parallel
congress in February are
wasting their time. There is only one MDC led by
president
Tsvangirai."
Created in 1999 with former trade union leader
Tsvangirai as its
leader, the MDC made major gains in the 2000 parliamentary
elections but
lost ground in last year's March elections that the party
dismissed as a
sham.
Tsvangirai lost to Mugabe in the
2002 presidential election that
he claimed was rigged.
The MDC leader in November sparked a rebellion within party
ranks when he
decided to boycott the elections to a new senate.
Saying the
boycott was not endorsed by the party leadership, the
faction led by Sibanda
expelled Tsvangirai for misconduct including
breaching the party's
constitution.
The former trade unionist scoffed at the move
and suspended six
leaders from the rival faction claiming they were
neglecting party business
while fomenting division in the
party.
Sibanda claims his faction has the backing of 24 of
the MDC's 41
members of Parliament while both groups claim they have the
blessing of the
party's national council drawn from Zimbabwe's 10
provinces.
The infighting has left MDC supporters confused as
both factions
claim legitimacy.
"I will wait from a
distance and see what happens," said Damion
Milanzi, an MDC supporter, who
runs a newsstand in central Harare.
"Many supporters have
taken that stance because they don't want
to be seen joining the wrong
group."
The feud took an ominous turn last month when
Tsvangirai claimed
that he had evidence his former colleagues had conspired
with Mugabe's party
"to create a convenient opportunity and circumstances in
which some in the
leadership, including the MDC president, are to be harmed
and even
physically eliminated".
The faction led by
Sibanda has filed a Z$100-billion
($1,1-million) defamation suit against
Tsvangirai.
"There is absolutely no truth in those claims,"
lawyer Nicholas
Mathonsi said.
MDC spokesperson Paul
Themba Nyathi, who is in the Sibanda-led
faction, accused Tsvangirai's
faction of breaching party principles by
advocating
violence.
"We don't believe in going onto the streets to
install an
unelected president," he said.
"This is where
we will always differ with Tsvangirai and his
group. We can't be expected to
have a unified party led by a president with
dictatorial tendencies." -
AFP
The Herald (Harare)
January
17, 2006
Posted to the web January 17, 2006
Harare
THE Zimbabwe
dollar has continued to slide against the US$ and is now
trading at levels
around Z$90 000 to the greenback from levels around Z$60
000 when the
interbank system was introduced last October.
Against the British pound,
the local unit has lost over 50 percent in value
to Friday's price of $160
000 while it has also depreciated by more or less
a similar margin versus
the South African rand and is now selling at $14
900.
The Z$ now
trades at $16 900 against the Botswana pula, as the domestic
currency
continues shedding significant value in the face of rising
inflation
figures.
Zimbabwe's yearly inflation for December came in at 586 percent,
83
percentage points higher than the November rate of 502
percent.
Economic analysts say the exchange rate will continue weakening
until at
least in the second half of this year unless vigorous measures are
employed
to beef up the country's dwindling foreign currency
coffers.
"The continued weakening of the Zimbabwe dollar is a positive
development
for exporters as it results in a more viable environment," said
Mr Farayi
Dyirakumunda, a Harare analyst.
"However, on the other
hand, this will tend to push up the cost of our
imports, hence fuelling
imported inflation. But consumer resistance will
prevent the rate
depreciating drastically during this quarter."
Exporters sell 30 percent
of their foreign currency proceeds on the auction
rate which still stands at
Z$26 000 to the US$.
Mr Dyirakumunda suggested: "Efforts also need to be
intensified in
re-engaging the international community and unfortunately for
this battle,
the onus lies with the Government.
"Inflows from exports
and the Diaspora still heavily need to be complemented
by increased support
from the international community (foreign investment,
loans, aid and
grants), if this economy is to successfully recover."
Insufficient supply
vis-a-vis high demand has exerted a lot of pressure on
the local unit, which
has been on a free-fall since the start of the year,
and worsened since
October.
Analysts noted that full stability in the rate of exchange could
only be
attained if the supply side of forex was adequately
addressed.
The Zimdollar -- yielding to a widening demand-supply
disequilibrium and
resurgent inflation -- has come down heavily from around
$5 900 in January
2005, settling briefly at $10 800 around June before
falling further to $17
500 in July.
Ever since market forces were
ushered in to determine the rate of exchange,
the Zimbabwe dollar has lost
over half of its value to the US$.
The introduction of the Tradable
Foreign Currency Balance System was greeted
with relief by the market. The
free market rate was meant to provide a
guaranteed source of foreign
exchange for importers.
Another economist said: "We believe that the
market-based system, provided
it is allowed to reflect the forces of supply
and demand, will likely
attract inflows of foreign currency from the
parallel market to the formal
market."
However, inflows at the
interbank system are still depressed as most
exporters are in no hurry to
liquidate their funds before due date in
anticipation of a further
depreciation in the local currency.
IOL
January 17 2006 at
08:10PM
Harare - A Zimbabwean opposition lawmaker and seven
supporters,
detained for breaching electoral laws during local council polls
at the
weekend, were released on bail on Tuesday, their lawyer
said.
"The Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) member of
parliament Job
Sikhala and seven party members have been released on ZIM$300
000 (about
R19) each," said lawyer Dzimbahwe Chimbga.
"They
were charged under the Electoral Act but we are going to apply
for their
discharge when they appear for their next remand in two weeks'
time."
Sikhala and the opposition backers, among them a
17-year-old boy, were
arrested at the close of a local council election in
the southern Harare
township of Chitungwiza on Saturday, Chimbga
said.
They were accused of campaigning close to
a polling station but
Chimbga said they were arrested while sitting in a
truck "parked well beyond
the stipulated distance and after the real
voting".
Zimbabwe's electoral rules forbid campaigning or wearing
political
party regalia within a 200m radius of a polling
station.
Voters cast their ballots Saturday in low-key polls to
elect
councillors in five wards across the country.
The ruling
Zimbabwe African National - Patriotic Front (Zanu-PF) won
four of the
contested seats while the MDC won one.
The MDC, once seen as the
crisis-hit southern African country's first
real opposition against
long-time leader Robert Mugabe's government, is
facing a split after a
leadership wrangle following senate polls held in
November.
The East African
Traditional healers are often
the first and last line of defence against
the contagious and debilitating
diseases that plague people in Africa,
writes Itai Madamombe
THE SUN WAS
RELENTLESS. So were the dozens of faces stubbornly waiting to
enter the tiny
hut where Nhamburo Masango, a traditional healer, sat among
his herbs, bones
and other remedies.
An old man in front of me had a skin rash, another person
a swollen leg, and
somewhere a child complained of stomachache. No one, it
seemed, was
discouraged by the long, winding queue.
For many poor
Zimbabweans, traditional healers are often the first and last
line of
defence against the contagious and debilitating diseases that plague
their
lives. Although Western medicine is generally accepted throughout
Africa, it
has augmented rather than replaced indigenous health
approaches.
Practitioners such as Mr Masango remain central to the lives
of many. The
World Health Organisation estimates that 80 per cent of people
in Africa
regularly seek their services.
Yet healers, for the most
part, are not officially recognised by
governments. They operate outside
formal health structures. But leaving
traditional healers on the sidelines
can have serious consequences.
Some patients, preferring the healers, may
disregard their doctor's advice
or take herbal medicines that could have
dangerous interactions with
pharmaceuticals. By working with these healers,
doctors would be gaining
allies who live in the patients' own
community.
"We have for a long time now been telling the government that
it cannot go
it alone in the delivery of health," Gordon Chavhunduka,
director of the
Zimbabwe National Traditional Healers' Association, said in
August. "There
has been a lot of tension between the government and us over
our
usefulness."
Prohibitive costs also make it impossible for the
poor to get medical
attention, he added. People are opting for traditional
healers, who do not
always demand cash up front and who outnumber
doctors.
But the issue goes beyond access. Traditional healing is linked
to wider
belief systems and remains integral to the lives of most Africans.
People
consult traditional healers whether or not they can afford medical
services.
Doctors trained in Western sciences largely focus on the
biomedical causes
of disease, while traditional beliefs take a more holistic
approach.
In Zimbabwe, traditional healers are reputed to divine the
cause of a person's
illness or social problems by throwing bones to
interpret the will of dead
ancestors.
Some healers say they directly
channel the ancestral spirit through their
bodies. Many have in-depth
knowledge of plant materials and their various
curative powers.
They
use leaves, seeds, stems, bark or roots to treat symptoms. Animal parts
and
minerals are also employed, but to a lesser extent. Most traditional
healers
are both herbalists and diviners, but some specialise in one aspect.
Many
doctors believe healers to be charlatans, preying on the superstitions
of
local families. This is true in some, but not all, cases.
The gulf
between modern and traditional practitioners has narrowed somewhat
in the
past decade. WHO advocates incorporating safe and effective
traditional
medicine into primary healthcare systems. In 2002, the
organisation issued
its first comprehensive guidelines to help countries
such as Zimbabwe
develop policies to regulate traditional medicine.
The Zimbabwean
government announced in July that it will regularise the
trade. Plans
include forming a healers' council that will, among other
things,
authenticate the efficacy of herbal medicines. Minister of Health
and Child
Welfare David Parirenyatwa expressed concern that some healers
claim to
posses cures for various terminal ailments, among them HIV/Aids.
There is
no way to evaluate such claims without a council representing all
the
healers, he said.
"There is a need for some standardisation of
operations," Dr Parirenyatwa
suggested during a meeting with local
traditional healers. "For instance,
people should be able to consult
registered and licensed traditional healers
at proper
premises."
CURRENTLY, TRADITIONAL healers are operating in all sorts of
places like
truck stops and backyard rooms. That has to
change."
South Africa leads continental efforts to bring traditional
healers into a
legal framework. In early 2005, parliament approved a law to
recognize the
country's estimated 200,000 healers as health-service
providers.
Those registered would, for example, be allowed to prescribe
sick leave and
offer treatment for numerous conditions.
Some hailed
this as an important step in rooting out charlatans and
protecting patients,
but others saw it differently. Doctors for Life, which
represents over 1,000
health practitioners in Southern Africa, objected to
the government's plans
to legitimise healers.
"Most of the medicines used by traditional
practitioners have not been
validated scientifically," said Doctors for
Life. "Many people suffer
because of the serious complications that arise
due to the use of
traditional medicines."
The group warned that such
a law could open "a can of worms" of legal
controversies and medical
complications. They urged that remedies be
thoroughly researched before
approval.
Other medical practitioners point out that traditional healers,
with or
without the support of the law, are already providing services
within
communities. Bringing them within the primary-health fold would
therefore
help rather than hinder efforts to flush out harmful
practices.
There is a growing realisation that it is possible for
traditional and
Western practitioners to work together to improve patients'
wellbeing,
especially when it comes to developing new medications, reporting
new cases
of contagious diseases and finding ways to ensure that patients
stick to
their prescribed treatments.
In Tanzania, the Dar es
Salaam-based Institute of Traditional Medicine has a
pilot programme to test
the efficacy of local herbs in helping reduce the
severity of other
illnesses often seen in HIV patients.
Herbalists are allowing the
institute to evaluate the substances they use to
treat patients. If
scientists discover beneficial elements in the herbs,
they purify them and
determine what the proper dosage should be. This
addresses a major concern
that some people have with the way medicines have
been prescribed by
traditional healers. Some 25 herbalists are currently
working with the
institute.
We accept that "some herbs respond positively to some of the
diseases
associated with HIV/Aids, and these need to be worked on to
understand their
functioning,'' says Dr Edmund Kayombo, who is helping the
institute to
establish the effectiveness of traditional herbs. The herbs
include remedies
for strengthening the immune system, increasing appetite
and treating oral
thrush, skin rashes and diarrhoea. They cannot be expected
to cure HIV, he
says, but they can lessen some of the symptoms that occur
frequently in
people with HIV.
Traditional healers can be
particularly effective in monitoring disease
outbreaks. They live in
communities and are likely to be the first to know
if any new disease
surfaces.
Nora Groce and Mary Reeve, medical anthropologists, argue that
open lines of
communication between traditional healers and the medical
community can
improve surveillance. Health officials must include
traditional healers in
their educational outreach to doctors and must be
trained to know what
information they can seek from
healers.
"Traditional healers must be taught why, what, when and how to
report
unusual symptoms in their patients to local officials," said Ms Groce
and Ms
Reeve. Checklists or pictorial guides to symptoms, diseases and modes
of
transmission can facilitate communication between healers and officials,
they say.
Traditional healers are already a trusted source of health
information and
treatment. Given appropriate skills and means, they are well
placed to play
a bigger role in combating Africa's major
diseases.
THE INCIDENCE OF tuberculosis was on the rise in the Hlabisa
district of
KwaZulu/Natal, up by 360 per cent in the seven years prior to
1999. TB can
be easily cured if patients take their medication every day and
complete the
course. But with the treatment lasting between six and eight
months, many
drop out.
However, an innovative partnership between
medical and traditional
practitioners helped reduce the spread through a
course that trained healers
to supervise and record the doses taken by each
patient to ensure proper
compliance.
"We were also taught about the
symptoms of TB, so that when we pick them up
in any of our other patients,
we can refer people for a test," said Jack
Nyawuza, one of the 25
traditional healers who volunteered in the campaign.
"This information
added to what we learn in our training as healers."
Patients were delighted
that the healers received this training; the healers
lived nearby and could
make home visits when patients were too sick to go to
them.
The
results were quite remarkable. Overall, 89 per cent of those supervised
by
traditional healers completed treatment, compared with 67 per cent
supervised by other volunteers. And the death rate of traditional healers'
patients was two-thirds lower.
Healers welcomed their newfound
respect within the medical community. "I was
trained to help and heal
people, so being the TB treatment supervisor is a
continuation of my
profession," Mr Nyawuza said.
.. Distributed by UN Africa Renewal
By Tichaona
Sibanda
17 January 2006
Ten Zimbabwean prisoners
last week escaped from a central prison in
Gaborone, Botswana in a mass jail
break that has left authorities there
dumbfounded.
The men, who
are accused of crimes ranging from murder and rape, car
theft to armed
robberies, managed to escape by tying blankets together and
climbing out of
the prison window after breaking the iron bars.
Don Mafingenyi our
correspondent in Botswana said the jail break has
aggravated tension between
Zimbabweans and Tswanas in that country.
'The jail break has come
at a worse time when Zimbabweans were trying
to normalise their strained
relationship with authorities here. It has made
things worse and people are
having their work and resident permits being
withdrawn by authorities in
Botswana as a result,' said Mafingenyi.
One of the prisoners, said
Mafingenyi, was later recaptured and the
search for the other fugitives is
continuing in a massive operation, that
has seen the authorities bring in
helicopters and fixed wing light aircraft.
Police have set up road blocks on
highways leading to and from Gaborone.
'What we have now is a
dangerous situation were authorities here look
at every Zimbabwean as a
fugitive, a thief or a murderer.
What makes it more complicated is
the fact that relations between the
governments of Botswana and Zimbabwe are
not that good these days for anyone
to offer some sympathy to most of those
caught up in the mess,' said
Mafingenyi.
It is believed the
prison escapees could have made their way to South
Africa or that they are
laying low before making their escape to either
Zambia or Namibia, countries
considered safer than going back to Zimbabwe
were if caught could face
extradiction back to Botswana.
SW Radio Africa
Zimbabwe news
By Violet Gonda
17 January 2006
"The MDC as an institution
is hardly what we must be fighting to
preserve or protect but rather the
values that formed its formation and the
formation of the broader
progressive forces in Zimbabwe." These were the
words of well known
political analyst and human rights lawyer Brian Kagoro.
Kagoro was
speaking on the programme Hot Seat on the political crisis
in the country
and on how to salvage the opposition after the devastating
effects caused by
the infighting within the 6 year old opposition.
The civic leader
said clearly the feud is a personal vendetta amongst
two factions that has
very little to do with national interest. He believes
it's partly male egos
that are refusing to heal saying, ".sadly the crisis
does not simply affect
the MDC as a political party but affects an entire
opposition movement." He
said, it suggests the opposition is not being ruled
by values and that the
party's leadership, structures and processes are not
that different from
ZANU PF. Kagoro calls this the "ZANUFICATION" of the
political
space.
Observers say the split has had a devastating effect on the
party's
support base resulting in the general membership being confused and
made to
choose between two MDC factions. The situation for the party's
supporters
has been made worse by the fact that the party is going to hold
two separate
congresses. And most recently in the urban council elections,
the MDC
fielded 2 candidates representing the rival factions, thereby
splitting the
opposition vote.
Kagoro said the full extent of
the split in the MDC affects a whole
generation. He said, represented in the
MDC was an entire generation of
young people who were not tainted with the
politics of yesteryear, the
politics of ethnicity, politics of greed and the
stone age politics which
depended on " who had a larger stick and a bigger
stone."
The former chairman of the Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition
said current
events in the party defeat the whole point of why many joined
pro-democracy
movements like the Crisis Coalition, the National
Constitutional Assembly
and Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights. He said there
was a desire to see the
end of a kleptocracy, so that we have nations and
systems that are not
founded by thieves but on values of
service.
"Clearly the feud in the MDC suggests that we are still
off the mark.
It suggests that not only are we off the mark but that we have
become very
shoddy copy cats of the very system that for years we invested
our life to
fight." He said this crisis should be viewed as national not in
the sense of
a disintegration of political party but the unmaking of a hope
that has
taken so many lives and taken so many years to form. "A hope that
Zimbabwe
can be reconstituted by new persons by new politics and by new
values. This
is the tragedy of the MDC fight."
When asked if it
would be better for the political future of Zimbabwe
if the MDC disbanded?
Kagoro said what we should look to save the core
values of the MDC and the
soul of opposition politics that says, "The people
as a general collective
must determine the future. What we should be happy
to lose is
bigotry."
He emphasised that the split in the MDC in essence is a
non-event in
itself because neither faction necessarily epitomises the hope
nor the value
system, judging by how they have behaved within the last the
last few
months.
However, he said the leaders' contribution
towards the process of
democratisation is something that cannot be written
off. "As such one is
caught in the desperate mode of literally waiting to
save them from
themselves, before we even think about the impact and the
benefit that
accrues to ZANU PF as a result of this internal
feuding."
"Excuses that the leaders are using to chop each other
with political
machetes are unacceptable and groups that support democracy
must read them
the riot act and try to bring them together." Kagoro said if
there is
failure to bring the warring factions together, then Zimbabweans
reserve the
right to exercise a more drastic form of
disapproval.
The whole interview can be heard in the SW Radio
Africa Tuesday
archives on the programmeHot Seat.
SW Radio
Africa Zimbabwe news
The Herald
(Harare)
January 17, 2006
Posted to the web January 17,
2006
Harare
FISCAL and monetary policies initiated in 2005 largely
missed their targets,
according to a recent economic report by Interfin
Securities, although -- on
paper -- they served as a bedrock for
revitalising the weakening economy.
Key economic indicators such as
inflation could not be contained to desired
levels while Zimbabwe's real
sectors -- agriculture, mining and
manufacturing -- continued to
decline.
The report says foreign currency continued to be in short supply
despite the
removal of controls in foreign currency dealings via the
introduction of the
Tradable Foreign Currency Balances System, also known as
the interbank
system.
"From our previous reviews we acknowledged that
the measures adopted under
the 2005 monetary policy were a good starting
point to resuscitating our
ailing economy," Interfin said.
"We,
however, maintain that policy shortcomings are becoming more evident
with
time thereby creating concern on the possibility of another meltdown.
The
lack of definitive measures to address availability of forex and provide
incentives for exporters is a significant threat going into 2006.
"If
the economy is to be on a sound footing in 2006 our opinion remains that
successfully stimulating foreign currency inflows remains a key long-term
requirement."
In 2005, Zimbabwe's economy continued on the decline as
both agriculture and
manufacturing failed to "positively respond to policy
initiatives".
The country's gross domestic product fell by 7 percent
while yearly
inflation as at December 31 2005 rose to 586 percent, the ninth
consecutive
rise in the year after slowing down for much of 2004.
The
local currency has also lost significant value versus major foreign
currencies. The Z$ fell to over $85 000 against the US$ by close of last
month from about $5 000 last January.
Exporters have also expressed
reservations about incentives that have been
engineered to boost their
productive capacity arguing "the current export
incentives and reviews have
tended to be piecemeal thereby making it
difficult to invest in expansion or
plan beyond the short term".
But most of them have survived the difficult
trading periods thanks to
incentives availed by the Reserve
Bank.
However, Interfin suggests that adequate foreign currency inflows
would be
the lynchpin to remedying the country's economic worries although
pressures
will continue to be felt across the entire economy.
This
emanates from the fact that the economy remains a net user of foreign
currency, the bulk of which is required to source inputs and capital for the
productive sector.
The report states: "We expect inflationary
pressures to continue throughout
this first quarter of 2006, as fuel prices
are likely to be continually
reviewed in line with the adjustment of the
exchange rate and international
oil prices.
However, projections from
the Finance Ministry are that the economy will
this year register reasonable
growth and is projected to expand by between 2
and 3,5
percent.
Agriculture is expected to spearhead the recovery, growing by
14,8 percent.
In general, although the overall performance of the economy
is anticipated
to remain weak, analysts predict that GDP growth for this
year will decline
by 3,5 percent, which shows a significant improvement from
the decline of
7,5 percent in the fiscal year 2004.
The ministry also
predicted that the mining sector would grow by 27 percent
in 2006, due to
increased viability. Platinum, gold and asbestos sales were
tipped to grow
on the back of firm international prices and the liberalised
foreign
exchange system.
Daily Mirror, Zimbabwe
Business Reporter
issue date
:2006-Jan-17
UNCERTAINTY exists across all sectors of the Zimbabwean
economy, with
captains of industry blasting government for fostering the
ambiguity
existing over when government intends to abolish price
controls.
Minister of Finance, Herbert Murerwa, assured industry players that
government would soon be going back on its policies as regards price
controls when he presented the 2006 budget statement over a month and half
ago.
In abolishing price controls - applying to the most basic of goods
and
services required by the ordinary man on the street - Murerwa argued
that
the move was necessitated by the absolute need to stimulate activity in
the
country's productive sectors.
Said Murerwa: "We are aware of
distortions in the market that have arisen
from price controls. These
controls have contributed to the shortages of
basic commodities on the open
market, with the same goods resurfacing on the
parallel market.
"It will,
therefore, be critical that market-pricing mechanisms be embraced,
which are
central to ensuring the viability of industry as well as the
well-being of
consumers."
However, since then, no concrete action has been taken to abolish
price
ceilings which government has resorted to as a short-term measure to
solving
the economic crisis that the country has been mired in since
1998.
Furthermore, Murerwa did not announce when price decontrols would be
effected, and this has resulted in wide scale confusion amongst
manufacturers and service providers. Economists and captains of industry and
commerce said the continued existence of price controls was detrimental to
the full recovery of the Zimbabwean economy.
An investment analyst with a
leading financial institution told the Business
Mirror that market reforms
that Murerwa had advocated, particularly after
courting the International
Monetary Fund (IMF) in September last year, could
not be achieved without
the removal of price controls.
"The situation is still the same on the market
because price decontrols have
not yet been effected. We still are
experiencing distortions in prices of
basic goods. Instead of promoting the
availability and affordability of
commodities, price controls are
frustrating manufacturers as the costs of
manufacturing are too high," he
said.
A couple of weeks ago in an interview with this newspaper, Kingdom
Financial
Holdings economist, Witness Chinyama called on government to
eliminate price
controls, adding that such a move would enable producers to
attain viable
margins.
"If they get viable margins for their products due
to the removal of price
controls, they will be able to produce more and
commodity markets are likely
to be flooded, leading to a reduction in prices
of goods," said Chinyama.
Chinyama also said price controls were instrumental
in most manufacturers'
low productivity and preference to serve the export
market where prices are
not controlled, as it is more profitable for
them
A recent study carried out by the Confederation of Zimbabwe Industries
(CZI)
revealed that the bulk of manufacturing companies were producing
between
only 40 and 60 percent of their maximum capacity, largely because of
constraints that included the government's price control regime. The
production constraints have existed from the time price controls were
re-introduced around 2000 and 2001, as part of efforts to rein in on
escalating producer and service provider prices that were a result of the
country's hyper-inflationary environment.
Interfin economist Farayi
Dyirakumunda said though price decontrols would go
a long way in ensuring
availability of products once being effected, it was
also necessary for the
government to create a conducive environment to
attract investors.
"In
addition to the implementation of price decontrols, the government
should
create a conducive environment to attract investors. This will step
up
competition, which in turn will promote productivity in the manufacturing
sector. The consumers will stand to benefit too, as competition would
subsequently lead to a stabilisation of prices," he said.
Despite
calling for price decontrols, the government has reinforced price
control
mechanisms on vital goods and services.
Amongst these are fertilisers, and
government officials have argued that the
move to maintain price controls on
the commodity were a necessary measure to
ensure the affordability of the
agricultural input - moreso in the wake of
the agricultural season
characterised by numerous complaints of input
shortages by the new
farmers.
A critical input, AN fertiliser, has been in short supply for the
better
part of last year, and the commodity is only available on the black
market,
where it is fetching in excess of five times the price being charged
by the
main manufacturer of the product, Sable Chemicals.
Daily Mirror, Zimbabwe
The Daily Mirror Reporter
issue date
:2006-Jan-17
RESIDENTS of Harare and Chitungwiza at the weekend fetched
water from
unprotected sources owing to water cuts introduced by the
Zimbabwe National
Water Authority (Zinwa).
This development is likely to
see more people succumbing to water-borne
diseases, such as cholera, which
has claimed 14 lives and affected 284
people to date.
The deputy Minister
of Health and Child Welfare, Edwin Muguti, urged
residents to boil water
fetched from unprotected sources to avoid diseases.
The call by the deputy
minister comes against the backdrop that many people
in the affected areas
were vulnerable to diseases such as diarrhoea,
cholera, and dysentery and
stomach problems because of contaminated water.
"As the ministry of health,
we call upon people to boil water fetched from
all unprotected sources - no
matter how clean it might appear - to curb
prevalence of diseases while
awaiting the situation to be solved," said
Muguti in an interview
yesterday.
He added that people should seek medical attention quickly when
they suspect
any cases of an outbreak.
Zinwa has embarked on a clean-up
campaign of its water reservoirs in a bid
to provide safe water to
citizens.
Parts of Harare affected by the water cuts include Glen Norah, Glen
View,
Warren Park, Highfield, Budiriro and Mufakose while
some areas of
Seke and Zengeza
went for three days without running water.
Initially,
people used to fetch water from unprotected wells only for
bathing and
washing, but due to the persistent crisis, people were using the
water for
drinking and cooking.
Some residents with wells at their home resorted to
selling the precious
liquid. Five litres of water cost $10 000.
Residents
have also resorted to using the bush to relieve themselves.
"The situation is
very bad. We cannot even get water for toilets, those with
wells are selling
the precious liquid and we can
only afford to buy water for bathing and
drinking," said Kudakwashe Nyenza
of Seke.
Some residents in Seke were
sourcing water from the nearby Mayambara rural.
In some areas, water
supplies were reconnected only at night between 2am and
6am.
"At times it
comes at midnight and we have to work up to fill our
containers. Usually we
only
manage to fill drinking water
because the pressure will be very low
and it does not last long," she said.
Zinwa manages Harare and Chitungwiza
portable water. Zinwa recently said
water
problems in the two cities
would be a thing of the past
Daily Mirror, Zimbabwe
Oswelled
Ureke
issue date :2006-Jan-17
AS the clock ticks close to 1pm, most
restaurant and food outlet managers
rub their palms and peep through their
windows in anticipation of a good
business day.
It is the time they
expect business to peak as customers come to satisfy
their grumbling empty
tummies after a hectic morning session at work.
A survey around Harare's
restaurants and takeaways showed that the
businesses are not removed from
the macroeconomic and social challenges
facing a broad spectrum of the
communities they operate in.
With the prices of mealie-meal, vegetables, meat
and other basic commodities
skyrocketing, many a caterer have been left with
very little choice, but to
pass on the burden to the hungry
consumer.
Many a diner, who has since adopted other priorities, would rather
adopt a
queer 0-0-1 feeding matrix, which translates to no meals in the
morning and
afternoon and one meal in the evening.
At the same time,
fears of cholera and other illnesses associated with the
consumption of bad
food make people shun eating from 'lowly' outlets.
The Daily Mirror carried
out a survey in the city centre and can reveal that
most restaurants are
charging more than $100 000 for a plate of sadza and
beef stew, a price that
can change on any day at the caterer's discretion.
Simmeon Jamanda, the owner
of Simms Take Away, said: "The prices of our
ingredients have gone up so
much that we have to offload it to the consumer,
and we are losing business
because of that.
"Besides the ingredients, we have to pay rentals for the
places we operate
from. The National Employment Councils have also directed
us to revise
upward the wages we pay our workers and that is another expense
we also have
to factor in.
"One would also have to look at a variety of
other concerns like detergents
and city council and other rates that add up
to the entrepreneur's costs,"
said Jamanda, who is also the chief of
protocol for local football side
Motor Action.
Despite all those costs,
Jamanda's outlet remains one of the cheapest in
town, selling a plate of
sadza and beef stew for $75 000 and sadza and
chicken stew for $80
000.
At OK Supermarket sadza and stew costs $135 000, while sadza and chicken
is
$125 000. Rice and stew at the same outlet costs $166 000, while a plate
of
rice and chicken goes for $160 000, the equivalent of eight trips by
public
transport between the city centre and any of the suburbs close to the
central business district.
For the fortunate consumers, there are always
the trendy outlets where a
'one piecer' comprising one chicken piece and
chips costs $120 000, a two
piecer; $250 000 and a four-piecer; $420
000.
"It is difficult to have lunch without registering it in your conscience
that you have deprived the whole family of a decent supper, because with the
$150 000 you can buy enough relish to eat together with maybe three other
family members," said More Makuvatsine, who was dining at one of the
restaurants visited by this newspaper.
"Lunch used to be the occasion
over which people met and discussed business
or shared small talk. It was
also the simplest thing you could do to show
your lover that you cared about
her, by constantly inviting her for lunch
and making plans over a meal
without twitching about the bill," added
Makuvatsine.
Perhaps, noting
that they are not getting enough business, some of the
outlets have resorted
to serving substandard food to hapless consumers who
prefer quantity rather
than quality.
"This is the best we can offer. We know people will come and
buy. Those who
don't buy it are not able to, so they should just eat air
pies (the street
lingo for eating nothing) and stop bothering us," said one
waitress at one
busy outlet.
Jamanda said caterers were experiencing
problems sourcing mealie-meal from
millers, and had to resort to the black
market where a 10kg packet costs
between $400 000 and $500 000.
He said
it was too expensive to buy meat from butcheries where a 1kg of beef
costs
more than $200 000."Abattoirs can do business with us, but they
require us
to buy whole carcasses. Since we serve varieties of meats like
pork, beef
and chicken, it means one has to buy whole carcasses for the
different types
of meat and most of us do not have big enough storage and
refrigeration
facilities.
"A full carcass of beef costs $25 million, pork; between $12
million and $15
million while chicken goes for between $180 000 and $200 000
per
kilogramme," bemoaned Jamanda.
Coupled with the equally expensive
cooking oil ($200 000 a 750 millilitre
bottle), salt ($60 000/kg) and
tomatoes ($180 000/kg), the price of
preparing one meal becomes too
expensive for any caterer.
To stay in business, the caterer would neglect
some core functions of his or
her business, which include cleanliness and
hygiene.
Some of the outlets are so dirty that desperate customers have to
fend of
flies for the entire period they are having their meal.
Some of
such restaurants, especially those situated downtown around the
'Kopje' area
have their dining rooms directly connected to latrines.
Such conditions,
coupled with unclean vegetables obtained from equally dirty
markets have
exacerbated the cholera scare currently gripping the country.
Health Minister
David Parirenyatwa said while it was the mandate of
respective local
authorities to monitor the standards of caterers, the
government wanted
citizens' health to be safeguarded.
"It is the mandate of city authorities to
monitor the standards of food
outlets and too see how hygienic they are, but
as government, we would like
standards to be kept up to ensure safety for
the nation," he said.
Catholic Information
Service for Africa (Nairobi)
January 17, 2006
Posted to the web
January 17, 2006
Over 200 little children are suffering the pain of
prison life with their
jailed mothers.
Prison Fellowship of Zimbabwe
(PFZ), the local chapter of an international
Christian alliance for
rehabilitating and assisting former inmates,
estimates that over 200
children are in the country's jails with their
mothers, IRIN
reported.
At Mlondolozi Prison, a mental facility on the outskirts of the
southern
city of Bulawayo where female prisoners are held pending
psychiatric review,
14 toddlers are serving sentences with their
mothers.
Among them is one-year-old Annastasia's mother, Sibusisiwe
Nkala, who is
serving a 10-year sentence for culpable homicide after killing
her husband
who was allegedly abusing her.
"I had no clothes for my
baby," said Thenjiwe Ncube, the mother of a
three-week-old baby. Sympathetic
prison officers donated what they could,
because there are no provisions for
baby clothes at the prison.
Zimbabwe's prison regulations stipulate that
children be released into the
custody of relatives or the Department of
Social Welfare once they reach the
age of two.
Fiona Mandiziva,
mother of a 16-month-old boy, is serving four years for
housebreaking. She
says that given the option, she would prefer serving a
community sentence
and watching her child grow, as "I can't impose my child
on relatives,
because I understand that things are not that rosy out there."
In the
past the prisons department used to provide mothers with extra
rations of
soap and food, mainly peanut butter and milk, to meet the needs
of their
children. But soap has become one of the most expensive necessities
in
Zimbabwe, with peanut butter and milk fast disappearing from most shops,
including the prison department's stores.
Zimbabwe's prison system is
over-stretched, with more than 30 000 prisoners
crammed into 11 jails
designed for 16 000 inmates. There are no separate
sleeping arrangements for
babies, and during winter both mothers and their
children are forced to
cuddle together for warmth under the few threadbare
blankets provided by the
system.
News24
17/01/2006 09:39 -
(SA)
Fred Katerere
Nelspruit - The great African lion is under
threat - not from hunters, but
loss of land.
As a result there's more
conflict between people and the lions, said World
Conservation Union (IUCN)
media and communications assistant, Caroline
Gwature, on Monday.
She
said a workshop convened by the union and the Wildlife Conservation
Society
in Johannesburg last week agreed that the lion's habitat needs to be
protected.
"There is increased consensus on, and political commitment
to the management
actions necessary to conserve lion populations over the
next 10 years," she
said.
In past 20 years, lion numbers have dropped
from about 76 000 to between 23
000 and 39 000. They've disappeared from 80%
of their former range.
Government, local communities, biologists and
safari hunters were
represented at the workshop and agreed not only to
protect the lions'
habitat, but prevent illegal trade in lions and lion
products, improve
management of lion populations and foster stronger
community support for the
beasts.
Lion on endangered species
list
"Africans know how to live together with lions; they have been doing
so for
a very long time," said director of the union's regional office based
in
Zimbabwe, Dr James Murombedzi.
While lion are also killed in
regulated trophy hunting safaris, this is not
considered a threat to the
species, but a way to alleviate human - lion
conflict and raise funds for
the poor and raise lion conservation awareness.
At the moment, the
African lion is classified as "vulnerable" on the IUCN
Red List of
threatened species.
In West Africa there are less than 1 500 lions who
are on the IUCN's
Regionally Endangered category.
Results from the
West and Central African region will be combined with that
of the southern
and eastern regions for a lion conservation strategy for
governments and
international organisations. - African Eye News Service.
Angola Press
Harare,
Zimbabwe, 01/17 - Weather experts in Zimbabwe said Monday the
country no
longer faced threats of flooding, which hit some parts of the
country last
week.
An official of the country`s meteorological services department
said the
threat of flooding had moved westwards to Namibia where a rain-
bearing low
pressure system, which caused heavy downpours in Mozambique and
Zimbabwe
last week resulting in floods, had now anchored.
Floods hit
several areas in Zimbabwe, causing damage to crops and homes. No
casualties
were reported. The official said flooding was no longer expected
in Zimbabwe
as the rains were easing in the country.