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THIS LAND WE LOVE

Springtime, red and gold leaves
forming,
Summer shimmer, new day dawning,
Chilly sunlit winter morning
In this land we love.
Woodlands of mopani trees,
Wafts of bushveld fragrances,
So many cherished memories
Of this land we love.
Vibrant sunsets, colours glowing,
Season starting, new crops sowing,
Winter wheat, green carpet growing
In this land we love.
Paddocks fenced, new pastures planted
Grateful for all God has granted,
Each new day we feel enchanted
By this land we love.
Inputs soaring, crop price diving,
Droughts and hailstorms still surviving,
Some years struggle, some years thriving
On this land we love.
Heritage of years destroyed,
Homes burnt down of those employed
On farms where peace was once enjoyed
In this land we love.
Women raped, men tortured, dying,
Widows by their dead are crying,
Justice ousted by the lying
In this land we love.
Husbands, wives, who terrified,
Family members have denied,
Distanced now from those who cried
Out for this land we love.
Madness reigning for a season,
Huge trees felled for no good reason,
Acts of vandalism, treason,
Against this land we love.
Rhino, kudu, leopard, sable,
Poached and trapped with cruel cable,
To cause havoc, man so able
In this land we love.
Pray for peace again prevailing,
Goodness, justice, mercy reigning,
Black and white, united, praying
For this land we love.
May God grant a new beginning
Men of strength and vision bringing
Back a future, all men winning
In this land we love.

Sherelyn Zietsman



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Zimbabwe's Mugabe denies pledging to end  land grab
BINDURA, Zimbabwe, Aug 3
                           (Reuters) - Zimbabwe President
                           Robert Mugabe on Thursday
                           denied promising to remove war
                           veterans illegally occupying
                           white-owned farms and said he
                           planned to take more than 3,000
                           farms from whites for black
                           resettlement.

                           Mugabe told the black Zimbabwe
                           Farmers Union in Bindura, north
                           of the capital Harare, that he
                           would not bow to international
                           pressure and told donors who
                           have suspended aid to his
                           country that he did not want their
                           money.

                           "We are now in the process of
                           settling people and have identified
                           the slightly more than 3,000
                           farms we shall gazette and
                           acquire. The war vets will stay on
                           all the farms until we resettle
                           them," he said.

                           "The donors can stay with their
                           money. We will not give up our
                           land because of what the donors
                           say."

                           He denied saying at a news
                           conference with visiting South
                           African President Thabo Mbeki on
                           Wednesday that he would have
                           war veterans removed from farms.
                           "I didn't say war veterans should
                           be removed," he said.


President Robert Mugabe has backtracked on a promise to remove ruling party militants and other violent squatters from Zimbabwe's white-owned farms.

He told a meeting of black farmers that his government will not force militants, led by veterans of the bush war that ended white rule in 1980, off some 1,600 farms they have illegally occupied since February, the official Zimbabwe news agency has reported.

The president's remarks to the meeting in the northeastern town of Bindura, 50 miles from Harare, sharply contradicted a statement by him on Wednesday that illegal occupiers will be reined in and shifted to state land by the end of the month.  The agency said Mugabe claimed his earlier statement was misunderstood by the media, including the state-controlled Herald which reported it in full.

"What I said was that we have acquired just over 3,000 farms. I said on some of those farms there are already some war veterans. We will leave the war veterans that are already there," Mugabe said, according to the agency.

Mugabe, 76, appearing stooped and dazed at a news conference in Harare on Wednesday for local and foreign media organisations, did not make any such references.

The government said for the first time on Tuesday it has targeted 3,000 farms for confiscation but admitted no more than 200 were chosen for seizure as state land in coming weeks.

The government has given no details of the names and locations or the identity of the owners of nearly 2,250 farms it says it wants to hand over to landless blacks.

The Commercial Farmers Union said without that information it was not able to collate which of those properties were occupied by illegal squatters that Mugabe now indicated would be allowed to stay where they are.

Even under land laws passed by the ruling party in April empowering the government to seize land without paying for it, farmers were guaranteed rights to lodge objections and claim compensation for buildings, dams, irrigation and other improvements.

Any new seizures are expected to take several months and it is considered virtually impossible for the heavily indebted government to implement any massively expanded confiscation programme or transport thousands of impoverished families to seized farms, the union said.
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In today's issue :

From BBC News, 3 August

Mugabe calls off farm invasions

The Zimbabwean President, Robert Mugabe, has said that the invasion of white-owned farms by war veterans and other government supporters will end by the end of the month. It is the first time Mr Mugabe has set a date for ending the often-violent occupations which his critics say have seriously damaged Zimbabwe's agriculture-based economy. The statement came on the day of a widely-observed general strike called by trade unions and commercial farmers seeking an end to lawlessness in Zimbabwe. Mr Mugabe made his announcement at a news conference after talks with his South African counterpart, Thabo Mbeki.

A BBC correspondent in Zimbabwe, Joseph Winter, says it may be the price paid for South Africa's help in getting foreign donors to resume aid to Zimbabwe. Mr Mugabe said that the government would have acquired enough land by the end of the month for the veterans and others to move on to. He said land not acquired by then would be vacated. The so-called veterans, who have occupied hundreds of white-owned farms in the past few months, have previously been told to leave by government ministers and even the vice-president. But they have responded that they only obey orders coming from Mr Mugabe. Expanding on the president's comments, the new Agriculture Minister, Joseph Made, told the BBC that within the next month the government would acquire around 400 farms and these would be sufficient to resettle those who have been occupying farms countrywide. It was not clear how this affected plans announced by the government on Monday to seize more than 3,000 farms for redistribution.

The CFU, which represents white farmers, went to court on Wednesday to challenge the way the way the redistribution process was being handled. "We are not seeking to obstruct the land redistribution process because we know that a proper scheme is essential for the country's social and economic stability," said the CFU director, David Hasluck. Speaking before Mr Mugabe's announcement, the ZCTU described the strike as highly successful and said that 90% of workers had heeded its call to stay away. In the capital, Harare, and in towns across the country most shops and factories remained closed, and all but essential work ceased on white-owned farms. By noon, usually bustling car parks and street markets in Harare were virtually deserted. However state-run media described the stoppage as a flop.

Correspondents say that support for the strike in Zimbabwe's urban areas reflected profound dissatisfaction with President Mugabe's government, as indicated by recent elections results. On commercial farms, the strike was even more widely observed, with only essential tasks like milking still carried out. Groups of self-styled war veterans, some of them armed, did visit some white-owned farms to tell those who participated in the strike that they would be prevented from resuming operations. The strike was originally due to have lasted three days, but was scaled down at the last minute, allegedly to give the government a chance to respond.

From News24 (SA), 3 August

Mugabe to remove squatters

Harare - Under mounting pressure at home and from neighbouring South Africa, Zimbabwe's president promised on Wednesday to remove his party militants from white-owned farms they have occupied for six months. A one-day general strike protesting a breakdown in law and order shut down the economy on Wednesday while the embattled President Robert Mugabe met with South Africa's President Thabo Mbeki in Harare. After their talks, Mugabe, 76, stooped and weary, promised for the first time to end illegal land occupations he has backed since they began in February.

Mugabe said the occupiers would be removed by the end of August from white farms not slated to be confiscated under a national land distribution plan. The occupiers, who have seized around 1 600 white-owned properties, would be taken to farms that are due to be nationalised. "Certainly within this month we will have concluded the exercise," Mugabe told reporters. A one-day general strike shut down factories, farms, banks and shops across the country to protest the breakdown of order in the country. It was called by the main labour federation, the opposition MDC and the CFU, representing about 4 000 white farmers.

Mbeki's visit also pressured Mugabe to restore law and order, as South African officials worried that Zimbabwe's instability could spill over in the region. "We will swim together or sink together," said South African Finance Minister Trevor Manuel. Dangling the prospect of South African economic aid, Manuel said the two countries discussed "rewards for the tough decisions Zimbabwe has to make" to rebuild its crumbling economy and restore confidence in beleaguered agriculture, tourism and investment activities. He did not elaborate.

Throughout Zimbabwe, workers stayed away from their jobs on Wednesday, shutting down business and industry, and the white farmers union said most of its members stopped all but milking and other essential work. In Harare, some stores opened briefly, but supermarkets and banks remained closed after staff failed to show up, managers said. "Everyone around us is out, so we are closing, too," said Ian Sibanda, a furniture store manager. "Let's hope the government sees people are serious about this."

From The Daily Telegraph (UK), 3 August

Protest strike halts Zimbabwe

Harare – Zimbabwe’s town centres fell silent yesterday as a general strike called in protest at the "breakdown of law and order", joined by white farmers for the first time, paralysed the economy. Factories closed, shops were shut and streets emptied of traffic. The usually bustling bus stations were silent and Harare's main shopping areas empty. The ZCTU claimed that 90 per cent of the workforce had joined the strike, although government departments were largely unaffected and most schools and hospitals continued as normal. The CFU confirmed that virtually all of the 4,000 white farmers in every province had joined the protest, even as squatters, who sparked the closure by illegally occupying 1,600 properties and mounting a terror campaign against President Robert Mugabe's opponents, singled out striking landowners for a new wave of intimidation. Riot police armed with batons and tear gas were deployed in strategic positions around Harare and a military helicopter flew overhead, although no violence was reported.

Nicholas Mudzengerere, acting secretary-general of the congress, said: "I am very pleased by the response to the stayaway. We are waiting for the government to reply to our demands and guarantee a return to law and order." Mr Mudzengerere said the congress's general council would meet on Saturday, adding: "If the government does not respond, I cannot rule out another stayaway." In Harare's black townships, Mbare and Highfield, streets were filled with striking workers enjoying an extra day off. Moses Sibanda, a bank clerk, was clear about the purpose of the protest. He said: "We have got to stop those guys on the farms from beating people. All the time, they are beating people and the government does nothing. We support the white farmers because our entire economy comes from them."

Fields in Zimbabwe's agricultural heartland were deserted as many farmers defied intimidation to join the strike. Squatters in the Karoi area, 150 miles north west of Harare, issued dozens of threats. A farmer said: "They are telling us, 'You've closed now, so you're closed for ever. We will take your farm.' They've told our workers never to come to work again if they down tools today." Paul Stidolph was trapped by a mob of 40 armed with clubs and axes at the gates of his Grand Parade farm. He said: "I told them I was joining the stayaway and they shouted, 'You are an enemy of the government. We've been ordered to take your farm'." Only a rescue mission by neighbouring farmers, who have formed a rapid reaction unit and use a light aircraft to track the squatters, drove away the gang and saved Mr Stidolph. He said: "It's exactly this sort of intimidation and harassment that we want to stop. I'm all for this stoppage because it's the only way to make that point." Other farmers paid a heavy price for their determination to join the strike. Irvine Reid, whose Calgary farm has been occupied by 14 men he believes to be police and army officers, was ordered to leave his property. He said: "The first question they asked was 'Is the farm working today?' Then they told me to go or else." Mr Reid and his family fled for the safety of Harare. Jack Callow fled from his Maryvale farm after being threatened by a mob of 12 who screamed: "We want the whites out of Zimbabwe. You whites must go."

After a meeting with President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa yesterday, Mr Mugabe injected more uncertainty into the farm crisis. He repeated promises by ministers that squatters would be removed from farms that have not been listed for resettlement, despite failing to enforce previous pledges of a return to normality on Zimbabwe's white-owned farms. Mr Mugabe said: "We will be removing the war veterans from the farms we are not resettling." Asked when this would happen, he replied: "Within the next month." Past performance means few landowners will take comfort from his latest comment.

From The Star (SA), 3 August

Mugabe assures Mbeki land-grab will end soon

Harare - Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe has assured President Thabo Mbeki that the farm invasions by self-styled war veterans will stop before the end of this month, SA government sources said on Wednesday night. The embattled Mugabe gave the assurance to Mbeki during a high-level meeting between the two countries in Harare on Wednesday. "Mugabe said his government would act against war veterans by settling them on farms that the state would have acquired mainly from white farmers. "Those who had invaded farms which had not been earmarked for the land resettlement programme would be moved out,'' said a senior government official who was at the talks.

The two leaders also agreed on a strategy to restore international confidence in Zimbabwe. In terms of this plan, Zimbabwe would restore the rule of law and adjust its policies accordingly, as displayed by its willingness to devalue the Zimbabwean dollar earlier this week. The two leaders also discussed the situation in the war-torn DRC. Mbeki is believed to have impressed on Mugabe the need to facilitate the deployment of a United Nations peacekeeping force in the DRC. The United Nations peace mission would pave the way for the withdrawal of the foreign troops. Zimbabwe, Angola and Namibia are backing DRC President Laurent Kabila, while Uganda and Rwanda are aiding rebels trying to topple Kabila.

"The president (Mbeki) is confident that Mugabe can turn the situation around. He is now surrounded by a new cabinet which has a new vision for the country. There is no reason for the international community to panic,'' said the source. Authoritative sources said Mbeki had told Mugabe that South Africa's efforts to mobilise the international community to return to Zimbabwe were being hampered by the continued violence and occupation of commercial farms. Mbeki advised him that the land reform exercise should be implemented in an orderly manner. Mbeki told Mugabe that South Africa was likely to succeed in convincing international donors to assist Zimbabwe if the country returned to the rule of law, said one source, adding that Mbeki had said donors he had spoken to during his recent visit to Sweden were all willing to assist Zimbabwe if the country implemented land redistribution appropriately.

Officials said Mbeki had also told Mugabe that Norway and Saudi Arabia, the two countries the South African president had recently managed to coax into supporting Zimbabwe's land reform programme, had decided to withhold their assistance until order returned to the farms. Mbeki has been under fire for his failure to condemn the illegal land invasions and the lawlessness in Zimbabwe. The two leaders first met on their own before they joined an enlarged meeting including ministers. The Financial Gazette newspaper reported on Wednesday that Mugabe had been going behind his cabinet's back, telling war veterans to remain on the farms and to ignore his ministers who had been urging them to vacate the farms.

From The Daily News, 2 August

Banana in town

THE most famous convict in the country, the former President of Zimbabwe, Canaan Sodindo Banana, took a brisk midday walk-about in the centre of Harare yesterday 220km from the prison where he is serving a 12-month sentence. Banana, convicted of sodomy, calmly conducted private financial business with the chief executive of the Commercial Bank of Zimbabwe, Gideon Gono, in the latter's office in Union Avenue. Wearing his trademark Mao-style royal blue suit and sporting a blue denim peaked baseball cap, the former President was upbeat and effervescent as he spoke to The Daily News after his 15-minute meeting with Gono. Asked when he had been released from Connemara Prison near Kwekwe where he is serving one year for sodomy, Banana said: "No, I have not been released. I am still inside. I have only come to Harare to get my medicines. You know I am on medication. This is what they call open prison."

Emerging from his office, Gono acknowledged the presence of The Daily News crew before shaking hands and bidding farewell to the jailed former Methodist minister. There was no armed or uniformed prison warden guarding Banana. He left the bank through the back entrance, accompanied by a man in civilian clothes. Banana said he would be pleased to grant The Daily News an in-depth interview at Connemara Prison about how he is coping with life in jail. He was convicted by the High Court in January last year on 11 counts of sexual assault and sodomy committed while he was ceremonial president. He appealed to the Supreme Court against conviction and sentence, but in May this year, the Supreme Court upheld the conviction and sentence. He was also ordered to pay $250 000 to Jefta Dube, his former aide-de-camp who he sodomised.

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Chaos imminent as Mugabe ups the ante
Chris McGreal Thursday August 3, 2000 (The Guardian)

                                          Perhaps it was desperation at the
                                          continued harassment, or perhaps it was
                                          a misplaced confidence after the stinging
                                          rebuke Zimbabwe's voters delivered to
                                          their desperate president. But three
                                          weeks ago a few dozen white farmers hit
                                          back against the government and went on
                                          strike.

                                          Even before their protest culminated in
                                          yesterday's widely respected nationwide
                                          general strike to demand the restoration of
                                          the rule of law, many farmers had cause
                                          for regret. Robert Mugabe responded to
                                          the defiance in his favoured manner - he
                                          focussed his ire on the whites and greatly
                                          raised the stakes.

                                          The government's announcement that it
                                          will now seize about two-thirds of all
                                          white-owned farmland threatens to bring
                                          Zimbabwe's burgeoning crisis to a head
                                          within weeks.

                                          Just a few days ago, Zimbabweans were
                                          debating whether Mr Mugabe would run for
                                          another term as president in two years or
                                          step aside for a younger candidate in the
                                          hope of reviving Zanu-PF's popularity. Now
                                          the debate is over whether Zimbabwe's
                                          economy can survive Mr Mugabe's rule,
                                          however short it might be.

                                          The original core of a few dozen white
                                          farmers went on strike last month in
                                          protest at the continued occupation of
                                          their land by "war veterans" and
                                          escalating violence. Even the government
                                          said the occupations should stop in favour
                                          of a more orderly distribution.

                                          Dozens of other farmers across the
                                          country joined the protest which forced
                                          the hand of the unions and the main
                                          opposition party, the Movement for
                                          Democratic Change. They were not only
                                          bound to support the strike but had to be
                                          seen to organise it.

                                          But the evident role of whites in promoting
                                          the protest further angered Mr Mugabe,
                                          whose government hit back by
                                          quadrupling the number of farms facing
                                          confiscation to 3,000. While the farm
                                          seizures might strengthen Mr Mugabe's
                                          political control in the short term,
                                          ultimately they look disastrous for his
                                          country's economy and damaging for the
                                          government.

                                          The earmarked land produces a good
                                          proportion of the country's agricultural
                                          exports. Tobacco earned Zimbabwe about
                                          £250m last year but revenues are
                                          expected to drop by at least one-fifth this
                                          year. Manufacturers are warning of large
                                          scale redundancies. Already there is talk
                                          of a looming food shortage.

                                          Neither will the chaos of the land
                                          distribution help Mr Mugabe. Whether
                                          there are 500,000 families who want to
                                          move, as the government says, is a moot
                                          point.

                                          While Zimbabwean farms are large - the
                                          3,000 earmarked for redistribution cover
                                          nearly 20,000 square miles - much of the
                                          land is of poor quality or barren. If the
                                          farms are subdivided into hundreds of
                                          thousands of small plots, some are going
                                          to be left with the scraps.

                                          And, although the recent changes to the
                                          constitution permit the confiscation of
                                          farms without compensation, there is still
                                          an established process of notification and
                                          appeal to be followed.

                                          The government has already completed
                                          the procedure for the original 804 farms
                                          but if, as it says, it wants to seize the
                                          additional land before the rains in a few
                                          weeks it will have to ride roughshod over
                                          its own regulations and defy the courts.

Strike brings Zimbabwe's cities to a halt
Chris McGreal in Harare and Andrew Meldrum in Norton Thursday August 3, 2000 (The Guardian)

                                     A general strike shut down all of
                                      Zimbabwe's major cities yesterday in
                                      protest at the government's arbitrary
                                      application of the rule of law as President
                                      Robert Mugabe insisted that he will press
                                      ahead with the wholesale confiscation of
                                      white-owned farms.

                                      The widespread support for the strike
                                      called by Zimbabwe's trade union
                                      confederation, and backed by the main
                                      political opposition party and farmers, was
                                      a further demonstration of disillusionment
                                      with the government a day after a
                                      one-third devaluation of the national
                                      currency.

                                      Zimbabwe is facing its worst economic
                                      crisis since independence 20 year ago.

                                      Many township residents are also angered
                                      at the deployment of the army in poor
                                      neighbourhoods where soldiers regularly
                                      beat presumed opposition supporters.

                                      South Africa's president, Thabo Mbeki,
                                      added to the pressure on Mr Mugabe at a
                                      summit in Harare yesterday. South Africa
                                      is deeply worried about the cross-border
                                      impact of its neighbour's crisis. Mr Mbeki
                                      said he rejected a request for a meeting
                                      from Morgan Tsvangirai, the leader of the
                                      opposition Movement for Democratic
                                      Change.

                                      The Zimbabwean government's decision
                                      this week to quadruple the amount of
                                      white-owned farm land targeted for
                                      redistribution, and the severe economic
                                      consequences if it happens, will do
                                      nothing to bolster international confidence
                                      in the region. The South African rand was
                                      driven down further yesterday by the
                                      devaluation of the Zimbabwean dollar.

                                      Mr Mugabe said yesterday that his
                                      government would press ahead with the
                                      expropriations but said war veterans would
                                      be removed from any farms not on the list
                                      for confiscation.

                                      "There is a process now going on of
                                      acquiring land in accordance with the law,
                                      and in the context of that acquisition we
                                      will then be resettling those in need of
                                      land _ we will be removing all war veterans
                                      from the rest of the farms," he said.

                                      Riot police were deployed in many parts
                                      of Harare yesterday to prevent
                                      anti-government demonstrations but there
                                      were no reports of violence. Most people
                                      stayed at home as the strike closed
                                      almost all factories, banks and large
                                      businesses although some smaller
                                      establishments opened. Harare's streets
                                      were largely deserted but some people
                                      took advantage of the day off work to join
                                      the long queues for fuel. Even those who
                                      might have wanted to go to work could not
                                      because public transport shut down.

                                      Many schools were shut. Where teachers
                                      did go to work, some parents kept their
                                      children at home for fear of violence. The
                                      university closed after lecturers and
                                      students joined the protest.

                                      Hopewell Gumpo, president of the national
                                      students union, said: "We condemn the
                                      heavy-handedness of the police and the
                                      army in parts of Harare. We demand
                                      among other issues a transparent land
                                      redistribution programme to the landless
                                      in a peaceful and orderly manner."

                                      Even some civil servants defied the
                                      implicit threat of dismissal and heeded the
                                      strike call, although one finance ministry
                                      worker enjoying the day in a Harare park
                                      said he intended to tell his boss he had
                                      tried to come to work but was threatened
                                      by strikers.

                                      At least one white farmer who joined the
                                      strike had his property seized by war
                                      veterans as a punishment. But that did
                                      not discourage many others, including Jim
                                      Sinclair in Serui Source 45 miles south of
                                      Harare, from joining the protest and telling
                                      his labourers to take the day off.

                                      "We must feed our pigs, because pigs
                                      don't know about strikes, but otherwise
                                      we have shut everything down. All the
                                      farmers have shut down to protest the
                                      lawlessness throughout the country.

                                      "We need to get a message across that
                                      this country cannot go on like this. We
                                      are at one, my employees and myself.
                                      We have suffered work interruptions,
                                      invasions, threats of violence. We've had
                                      enough," he said.

                                      The day before the strike, one of Mr
                                      Sinclair's neighbours was threatened by a
                                      group of armed supporters of Mr Mugabe.

                                      They forced him to sign away his farm and
                                      told him to leave his home.

                                      Mr Sinclair expects the Mugabe
                                      government will "take some form of action
                                      to punish us for participating in this strike.
                                      But I believe we still have to do it and we
                                      may have to do it again. We need to
                                      impress that violence cannot be used to
                                      run our country".

                                      -Zimbabwe's white farmers went to the
                                      supreme court yesterday to try to halt the
                                      seizure of more than 3,000 farms for
                                      redistribution.
 
 
 

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Zimbabwe strike hits businesses
By Tony Hawkins in Harare and Victor Mallet in Johannesburg (The Financial Times)

                Factories, farms and businesses across Zimbabwe shut
                     down on Wednesday as the vast majority of Zimbabwe's
                     1.4m workers observed the one-day strike called by the
                     Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions.

                    Union officials claimed 80-90 per cent support for the
                    stoppage, but government offices and institutions were
                    open, as were many small businesses. Large
                    companies and the country's main manufacturing
                    industries were closed, along with the banks and leading supermarkets and
                    retailers.

                    The stay-away was peaceful, with few reports of violence or intimidation. The
                    strike was called by the ZCTU, with the support of the Commercial Farmers'
                    Union, in protest at the breakdown of law and order in Zimbabwe in urban areas
                    as well as on commercial farms.

                    Well supported though it was, the stoppage is unlikely to influence government
                    policy. The best hope white farmers now have of reversing the government's plans
                    to take over 3,100 white-owned commercial farms covering 5m hectares seems
                    to be pressure from South Africa.

                    Farmers and business leaders are waiting anxiously to see whether President
                    Robert Mugabe will soften his stance on land expropriation without compensation,
                    following Wednesday's discussions in Harare with President Thabo Mbeki of
                    South Africa and senior South African cabinet ministers.

                    Western governments and foreign investors in southern Africa hope Mr Mbeki is
                    pressing Mr Mugabe in private to restore the rule of law in Zimbabwe.

                    So far, however, Mr Mbeki has refused to criticise Mr Mugabe in public, and the
                    Pretoria government has even held out the possibility of loans to prop up the
                    economy.

                    Mr Mugabe said on Wednesday that the war veterans illegally occupying
                    white-owned farms would be removed by the end of the month.

                    However, observers said it was doubtful how he would honour this pledge. He
                    has said in the past that he will not use the army to remove the veterans from
                    occupied land.

                    The best news the country's beleaguered 4,500 white commercial farmers have
                    had for some time was Tuesday's decision to devalue the Zimbabwe dollar by
                    almost 25 per cent to Z$50 to the US unit from Z$38 previously.

                    The devaluation has been welcomed by businessmen and the tobacco industry,
                    though some economists believe that the government should have gone further
                    and tried to eliminate the free-market premium altogether.

                    Foreign exchange dealers said they expected the free-market rate, which had
                    been as high as Z$68 to the US dollar, to narrow, perhaps to about Z$60.

                    This would leave a 20 per cent premium at the new official rate, according to
                    some stock brokers.

                    The opposition Movement for Democratic Change welcomed the devaluation, but
                    warned that the "overdue" adjustment did not go far enough to give the country a
                    competitive real exchange rate.

                    Economists said that, while devaluation had lowered the trade-weighted real
                    effective exchange rate, making Zimbabwe's exports more competitive, the real
                    rate was still 20 per cent higher than it was at the end of last year and nearly
                    double its levels of January 1999.

                    Bankers say a further downward adjustment is inevitable and could come within
                    two months. Much will depend on supplementary measures to be announced
                    soon by Simba Makoni, finance minister.

                    The main beneficiaries will be the tobacco and gold sectors. Other exporters,
                    including the tourist sector, had been selling currency earnings at the free-market
                    rate and could be temporarily worse off if, as dealers predict, the free-market
                    premium declines over the next few weeks.

                    Economists are unanimous in predicting a sharp increase in the inflation rate.
                    Zimbabwe imports all its petroleum and 40 per cent of its electricity. These
                    increased costs will have to be passed on to the consumer.

                    One bank economist expects devaluation to add some 8 per cent to consumer
                    prices over the next two to three months, which, with second-round effects and the
                    worsening shortages partly caused by the land crisis, would push inflation above
                    70 per cent by September.

Protest strike halts Zimbabwe
By David Blair in Harare (The Telegraph)
                 ZIMBABWE'S town centres fell silent yesterday as a general strike called in
                 protest at the "breakdown of law and order", joined by white farmers for the
                 first time, paralysed the economy.

                 Factories closed, shops were shut and streets
                 emptied of traffic. The usually bustling bus stations
                 were silent and Harare's main shopping areas
                 empty. The Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions
                 claimed that 90 per cent of the workforce had
                 joined the strike, although government departments
                 were largely unaffected and most schools and
                 hospitals continued as normal.

                 The Commercial Farmers' Union confirmed that
                 virtually all of the 4,000 white farmers in every
                 province had joined the protest, even as squatters,
                 who sparked the closure by illegally occupying
                 1,600 properties and mounting a terror campaign
                 against President Robert Mugabe's opponents, singled out striking
                 landowners for a new wave of intimidation.

                 Riot police armed with batons and tear gas were deployed in strategic
                 positions around Harare and a military helicopter flew overhead, although no
                 violence was reported.

                 Nicholas Mudzengerere, acting secretary-general of the congress, said: "I am
                 very pleased by the response to the stayaway. We are waiting for the
                 government to reply to our demands and guarantee a return to law and
                 order." Mr Mudzengerere said the congress's general council would meet on
                 Saturday, adding: "If the government does not respond, I cannot rule out
                 another stayaway."

                 In Harare's black townships, Mbare and Highfield, streets were filled with
                 striking workers enjoying an extra day off. Moses Sibanda, a bank clerk, was
                 clear about the purpose of the protest. He said: "We have got to stop those
                 guys on the farms from beating people. All the time, they are beating people
                 and the government does nothing. We support the white farmers because our
                 entire economy comes from them."

                 Fields in Zimbabwe's agricultural heartland were deserted as many farmers
                 defied intimidation to join the strike. Squatters in the Karoi area, 150 miles
                 north west of Harare, issued dozens of threats. A farmer said: "They are
                 telling us, 'You've closed now, so you're closed for ever. We will take your
                 farm.' They've told our workers never to come to work again if they down
                 tools today."

                 Paul Stidolph was trapped by a mob of 40 armed with clubs and axes at the
                 gates of his Grand Parade farm. He said: "I told them I was joining the
                 stayaway and they shouted, 'You are an enemy of the government. We've
                 been ordered to take your farm'."

                 Only a rescue mission by neighbouring farmers, who have formed a rapid
                 reaction unit and use a light aircraft to track the squatters, drove away the
                 gang and saved Mr Stidolph. He said: "It's exactly this sort of intimidation and
                 harassment that we want to stop. I'm all for this stoppage because it's the only
                 way to make that point."

                 Other farmers paid a heavy price for their determination to join the strike.
                 Irvine Reid, whose Calgary farm has been occupied by 14 men he believes to
                 be police and army officers, was ordered to leave his property. He said: "The
                 first question they asked was 'Is the farm working today?' Then they told me
                 to go or else." Mr Reid and his family fled for the safety of Harare. Jack
                 Callow fled from his Naryvale farm after being threatened by a mob of 12
                 who screamed: "We want the whites out of Zimbabwe. You whites must go."

                 After a meeting with President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa yesterday, Mr
                 Mugabe injected more uncertainty into the farm crisis. He repeated promises
                 by ministers that squatters would be removed from farms that have not been
                 listed for resettlement, despite failing to enforce previous pledges of a return
                 to normality on Zimbabwe's white-owned farms.

                 Mr Mugabe said: "We will be removing the war veterans from the farms we
                 are not resettling." Asked when this would happen, he replied: "Within the
                 next month." Past performance means few landowners will take comfort from
                 his latest comment.

Clipboard soldiers tour farms
(The Telegraph)
                 HUNDREDS of bemused white farmers, wearily accustomed to invasion by
                 axe-waving mobs, have had a new kind of visitor. Small groups of polite
                 soldiers, armed only with clipboards, have been touring farms on seemingly
                 innocent fact-finding missions.

                 Most white landowners in Mashonaland have received a delegation of army
                 officers. Lindsay Campbell, a farmer's wife from Marondera, was visited by a
                 smiling captain and two junior soldiers. She said: "They were very pleasant,
                 very courteous, not in the least bit hostile."

                 Taking careful notes, the captain asked about the size of her farm, her crop
                 programme and her title deeds. He visited the squatters who occupy Mrs
                 Campbell's land and warned them not to interfere with the daily rhythms of the
                 farm. The soldiers departed with a polite "goodbye".

                 When Vice-President Joseph Msika announced on Monday that 2,237 more
                 white farms had been identified for acquisition, the purpose of the mysterious
                 visits was suddenly explained. The soldiers had been on a deliberately
                 low-key intelligence-gathering operation. Mrs Campbell said: "They were just
                 identifying more properties for their list. But they were so pleasant."
 

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3 August 2000

 

Shutdown reports :

From Reuters, 2 August

Big Zimbabwe Strike Vents Anger at Mugabe

HARARE - President Robert Mugabe's political and economic critics vented their anger at Zimbabwe's slide toward anarchy on Wednesday with a largely peaceful one-day strike that paralyzed the country. Shops and factories were closed and streets deserted in the three major cities - Harare, Bulawayo and Masvingo - as farmers, workers and the political opposition delivered the most broadly based challenge yet to Mugabe's 20-year rule. Mugabe made no public appearances on Wednesday, but spent part of the day in talks with visiting South African President Thabo Mbeki, who has said his country will help Zimbabwe recover from its deep economic crisis. ``This visit is in line with the commitment that the South African government made earlier this year to support the Zimbabwean government,'' a South African spokeswoman said.

Police said they arrested several youths who laid rock barricades across roads in dormitory townships around Harare. In Norton, about 40 km (25 miles) west of the capital, police arrested two men who tried to take over a white-owned farm, but then looked on as a bigger mob of self-styled war veterans brandishing automatic weapons arrived to take possession of the farm and threatened reporters interviewing farm staff. The strike came a day after Mugabe's new finance minister, former businessman Simba Makoni, bowed to market pressure and devalued the Zimbabwe dollar by 24 percent to 50 to the U.S. dollar. The unit trades informally at 60 to the U.S. dollar. Market analysts said the devaluation would encourage exports and boost desperately low foreign reserves, which would help farmers and manufacturers import necessary supplies and relieve a persistent fuel crisis.

The Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) called the strike to protest against political intimidation and the occupation of hundreds of white-owned farms by self-styled veterans of the former Rhodesia's 1970s liberation war. The strike was backed by the opposition MDC and the mainly white CFU, who said nothing was being done to rein in government supporters angry at their ZANU-PF party's poor showing in parliamentary elections in June. The MDC, highlighting the near collapse of Zimbabwe's economy, won 57 seats to the ruling party's 62 as ZANU-PF targeted the white domination of productive farmland. In contrast with their usually heavy-handed response to strikes, police operated only small patrols and soldiers were not in evidence as the country ground to a halt on Wednesday.

Chief Superintendent Wayne Bvudzijena told Reuters: ``We have not heard of any major incidents on farms. There were two or three incidents in Harare townships where people put stones on the road and police dealt with that.'' A CFU spokesman said the Norton incident was the only one reported during the day. ``We hope the police will handle the case professionally. Overall, the reports we have are that it was mostly quiet on the farms, with many on strike,'' the spokesman said. Acting ZCTU president Isaac Matongo said only civil servants turned up for work, after being warned the strike could cost them their jobs. "The indications we have are that the call for a work stoppage has been heeded. We estimate 80 to 90 percent of the people did not go to work,'' he told Reuters.

A government spokesman said, however, the strike was a flop with civil servants including teachers and nurses at work. ``Factories and private industry would have been functioning if employers had not locked out their workers. The so-called strike is a flop. Those who have not gone to work have not done so voluntarily,'' said the spokesman, who asked not to be named. The government has said the strike could further damage the already battered economy and increase unemployment. Zimbabwe National Chamber of Commerce chief executive Wonder Maisiri told Reuters the strike could not be separated from the current political environment, adding: ``The strike is costly, but so is the political environment that has caused it.''

From News24, 3 August

Zimbabwe grinds to a halt

Harare - Banks, factories and farms shut down in Zimbabwe on Wednesday as a general strike got under way to protest at government seizures of white-owned farms, which have sparked violence in the crucial agriculture sector. The protest against violence and intimidation on white-owned farms occupied by liberation war veterans and their supporters has drawn "very effective" support in the northern Mashonaland Central Province, regional farm union director Malcolm Vowles told AFP. In the farming district of Marondera east of Harare, Steve Pratt of the CFU, which represents some 4 00 white farmers, said the area was "dead quiet" with just a handful of businesses and one petrol station open. In the capital Harare, most banks and many large stores were closed and riot police were deployed in the streets. A military helicopter was seen over-flying the city early in the day.

The ZCTU expressed satisfaction at the initial response to the one-day strike. Isaac Matongo, ZCTU's acting president, said after travelling across the capital and to neighbouring towns that it appeared many people had heeded the call. "Where I am here, in the industrial sites, nobody is working," he told AFP from his mobile phone. "But you know you can't get 100 percent, but if you get 70 percent that's super." He described the atmosphere in the poor black townships - where the army has been accused of beating people in the aftermath of the June elections - as calm on Wednesday morning. "There is no violence in the townships, the atmosphere is very calm, and I have not heard of any incidents of violence," he said. He said people had stayed at home, and only riot police were seen in the streets. "It's actually the police that are struggling, because there is nobody to beat," he said.

Matongo said reports he received from the eastern border town of Mutare showed that many workers had responded well, with all the public commuter buses reportedly grounded. Matongo said Tuesday that the strike would serve as a "warning" to the government, which has not intervened to stop intimidation and attacks on farmers and labourers by liberation war veterans occupying hundreds of white-owned farms since February. The information ministry said early Wednesday that people were going about their business as usual. The CFU's Vowles said that in Mashonaland Central, "there are attempts by some war veterans to force farm workers to work." Noting that the occupiers had been bent on preventing work on the farms in efforts to disrupt operations, he said: "It's quite ironic." The action called by the ZCTU is the first since two strikes over deteriorating economic conditions brought the country to a standstill - and troops to the streets - in 1998.

From The Star (SA), 2 August

Streets of Harare deserted as strike sets in

Harare - Shops and factories were closed and streets deserted in Harare on Wednesday as workers began a general strike to demand an end to political violence and the occupation of white-owned farms. Farmers, industrial workers, businesses and the political opposition backed the one-day stoppage called by the ZCTU, making it the most broadly based challenge yet to President Robert Mugabe's 20-year rule. Groups of police armed with automatic rifles patrolled some bus stations and stood on street corners in Harare, but there was no sign of a major police or military intervention. At 8am (0600 GMT), the centre of the capital was deserted with only a few staff gathering outside two supermarkets waiting to see whether they would open. In the Willowdale industrial area on the outskirts of Harare factories remained closed and streets were deserted. The Kambuzuma, Warren Park and Kuwazana dormitory townships were quiet with small numbers of people boarding buses and taxis to the city. In the Mazowe district farm workers stayed in their housing units and there was no sign of workers in the fields at 7:30am when work usually is well under way.

The mainly white CFU and the MDC, which delivered a strong challenge in the June election, backed the call, saying Zimbabwe was close to anarchy. Zimbabwe's government has condemned the strike as unnecessary and warned it will sack all public service workers joining it. But it said it would only move to protect those who wanted to work rather than intervene to prevent strike action. The ZCTU on Tuesday reduced the duration of the strike from three days to one, saying it would act as a warning shot against Mugabe's government. He is being urged to order an end to the intimidation of his political opponents and to order self-styled war veterans to leave white-owned farms occupied in the run-up to the elections.

From News24 (SA), 2 August

Business at standstill in Bulawayo

Bulawayo - Business came to a halt in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe's second city, as tens of thousands of workers joined a general strike to protest the government's violence-ridden land grabs. "We have shut down because we are also concerned with the breakdown of law and order on the farms," said Joseph Moyo, a local businessman. Banks, offices, factories and shops, with the exception of a few food outlets, in the southwestern city were closed. Some business owners said they closed in solidarity with the unions, while others said they closed out of fear of violence or intimidation directed at their employees by supporters of the stayaway.

Most public transport vehicles were empty except those leaving the city centre as people appeared to be heading home after finding their companies were shut. All higher education establishments were closed as both lecturers and students joined the protest. Some schools were open, although most teachers stayed away. Hopewell Gumpo, head of the president of the Zimbabwe National Students Union, said: "We as the student movement have no other option but to engage in the peaceful protest together with the labor body and other civic organisations because we condemn the heavy-handedness of the police and the army in parts of Harare." He added: "We demand among other issues a transparent land redistribution program to the landless in a peaceful and orderly manner." Government offices were deserted barring a few civil servants. It was business as usual however for hospitals. Police were deployed at strategic points across the city, but by mid-morning no incidents of violence or intimidation were reported.

From The Mail & Guardian (SA), 2 August

Zim farms shut down to protest land grab

Harare - Farms across Zimbabwe shut down on Wednesday in protest over lawlessness sparked by government seizures of white-owned farmland as workers showed their solidarity by joining a general strike called by the unions. Banks, major consumer outlets and factories shut down at the call of the powerful labour movement to protest government seizures of white-owned farms, which have sparked violence in the crucial agriculture sector. It was business as usual however in government offices both in the capital and in other cities such as Chinhoyi and Marondera, state radio said, while in Bulawayo few civil servants turned up to work.

The political opposition, civic organizations, and white commercial farmers are all backing the strike organized by the ZCTU. The governor of northern Mashonaland East Province, Peter Chanetsa, slammed the stayaway, telling state radio it "revealed who is sponsoring the opposition and the ZCTU. Land redistribution is to go ahead despite the strike." He added that resettlements in his province would begin on Thursday. Months of lawlessness on occupied farms have disrupted the commercial agriculture sector, Zimbabwe's principal employer and a vital component of the economy - employing 26 percent of the labor force and contributing 15.7% of gross domestic product. Agricultural exports, particularly tobacco, bring in desperately needed foreign exchange.

The protest against violence and intimidation on white-owned farms – some 1 600 of which have been occupied by liberation war veterans and their supporters since February - has drawn support across the farming community. The shutdown was "very effective" in the northern Mashonaland Central Province, according to regional farm union director Malcolm Vowles. In the farming district of Marondera east of Harare, Steve Pratt of the CFU, which represents some 4 500 white farmers, said the area was "dead quiet" with just a handful of businesses and one petrol station open. "There have been a number of threats in the past few days that if the stayaway goes ahead there will be repercussions, but as yet it hasn't occurred," he said, adding "touch wood". Journalists travelling through northeastern Mashonaland East Province said they saw no farming activity. The owner of a tobacco farm said operations were reduced to essential services such as watering seedbeds and sending out people to search for rustled cattle. The capital Harare was quiet, with most banks and many large stores closed while riot police patrolled the streets.

Meanwhile President Robert Mugabe, flanked by his entire cabinet, was on hand to greet visiting South African President Thabo Mbeki at the airport, which was functioning normally. About 100 ruling party supporters and war veterans chanted revolutionary songs to greet the South African delegation, in the country to discuss ways to help Zimbabwe overcome its economic crisis. Mugabe has not commented publicly on the strike, nor to a direct appeal for urgent intervention lodged a week ago by the CFU.

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Thursday, August 3 1:41 AM SGT
Zimbabwe land invaders to be resettled this month: Mugabe

HARARE, Aug 2 (AFP) - Zimbabwe President Robert Mugabe said Wednesday that thousands of people illegally occupying hundreds of commercial farms will be resettled by the end of the month.

"Within this month we will have concluded this exercise" of moving the liberation war veterans and other landless blacks on the farms to land appropriated by the government, Mugabe told a press conference following talks with South African President Thabo Mbeki.

The statement was the first public one Mugabe has made on the land crisis since he officially opened parliament on July 20, and coincided with a nationwide general strike called to protest at lawlessness on occupied farms, which the government has done little to halt.

Thousands of war veterans and their supporters have invaded some 1,600 white-owned farms since February, with at least four white farmers killed and an unknown number of black farmworkers beaten in the ensuing violence.


Zimbabweans strike to protest land occupations

By Kurt Shillinger, Globe Correspondent, 8/3/2000

JOHANNESBURG - President Robert Mugabe's foes, bolstered by their gains in elections in June, shut down Zimbabwe's hobbled economy yesterday in a nationwide strike to protest government-sponsored violence.

The work stoppage, the broadest such action in two decades, confirmed the arrival of a new era of grass-roots activism against the corruption, thuggery, and economic mismanagement that critics say have become hallmarks of Mugabe's rule. Shop lathes and field tractors sat idle through cities and rural districts as workers and farmers demonstrated their opposition to the illegal occupation of commercial farms by Mugabe's supporters and the government's unexplained deployment of elite military forces in urban townships.

Mugabe, meeting with visiting South African President Thabo Mbeki to discuss Zimbabwe's economic crisis, made no comment about the labor stoppage. Other government officials shrugged off the action, saying that factory bosses and farmers forced their workers off the job.

But independent observers said that widespread participation - trade-union leaders estimated up to 90 percent of workers laid down their tools - underscored the depth of dissatisfaction with Mugabe's rule, even among traditional supporters.

''The opposition is on to something very powerful,'' said John Robertson, an economist based in Harare, the capital. Expelling Mugabe ''won't be quick, but the people are sending a message to the government: Their patience has reached the limit.''

The strike came one day after the government announced a long-delayed devaluation of Zimbabwe's currency, from 38 ZimDollars to 50 against the US dollar.

The Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions, acting in concert with the predominantly white Commercial Farmers' Union and the opposition Movement for Democratic Change, called the strike to protest widespread political intimidation. Zimbabwe's current season of fear started six months ago when government supporters, led by veterans of the 1970s liberation war against colonialism, began seizing white-owned farms.

Courts ruled the invasions illegal, but Mugabe encouraged the land grab, saying it was justified by the racial imbalance left over from colonial days. Two decades after independence, 4,000 whites own much of the country's most arable land, while the black rural masses remain impoverished.

More than 1,300 farms were invaded and 31 people died in political violence ahead of the June vote. Hopes that the violence would end with the election were quickly dashed when Mugabe, smarting from his party's first serious losses, deployed his elite Presidential Guard into high-density suburbs - strongholds of the opposition. The government has never explained the move, but incidents of intimidation, including beatings, occur daily.

Labor and farming leaders vow to continue pressuring the government until the troops are called back to their barracks and the squatters leave the farms.

The opposition, meanwhile, has begun testing its leverage in parliament. The Movement for Democratic Change, which took nearly half of the elected seats in parliament, is contesting at least 31 seats and demanding the government reestablish the rule of law and address corruption.

A survey released Tuesday by the University of Zimbabwe showed that 47 of the 62 elected members of parliament from Mugabe's party have been implicated in corruption scandals and face possible investigation.

This story ran on page A01 of the Boston Globe on 8/3/2000.
© Copyright 2000 Globe Newspaper Company.


Protest Against Farm Squatters Stops Zimbabwe

The New York Times. - August 3, 2000
By RACHEL L. SWARNS

NORTON, Zimbabwe, Aug. 2 -- The parliamentary elections are over, but in the rustling fields, black squatters are still occupying a thousand white-owned farms. And even the governing party acknowledges that "criminal elements" have been causing havoc on some farms.

Today, the opposition alliance of black union members and white business owners brought the nation to a standstill as thousands of black employees stayed home from work, and white industrialists shut banks and stores to protest the farm invasions.

President Robert Mugabe, whose party won a narrow majority in Parliament a month ago, buoyed by his promise to redistribute land, has refused to remove the squatters, despite several court orders.

But he seemed to bow to the pressure today. He said the squatters would leave most farms in a month, as the government completes its redistribution plan. "We will, in the process, be removing all war veterans from the rest of the farms that will not be resettled," Mr. Mugabe said at a news conference. "The time frame? I cannot be that exact. But certainly I want to say within this month."

But here, on a sprawling tobacco farm an hour from the capital, there is no sign of change. Squatters armed with machetes disturb the uneasy peace. And it seems increasingly clear that Mr. Mugabe is willing to do whatever is necessary to remake the hated colonial map that left the tiny white minority in control of more than half the country's fertile land.

This week, government officials stunned the white farmers' union and foreign donors with an announcement that they would soon redistribute more than 3,000 white-owned farms, half the white commercial farm land, to 500,000 peasant families.

"You're living in a state of anarchy," said Bob Sherriffs, 33, whose family farm here has been occupied by black squatters and earmarked for acquisition. "You're living in a state of fear. One minute you feel it will all come right. The next minute you feel, 'Is there any hope for us?' "

Officials close to Mr. Mugabe said he was focused on his legacy, determined to go down in history as the liberation hero, as the man who wrested the land from the whites, who make up less than 2 percent of the population, and returned it to the blacks. So this time, the squatters on the farm here did not disappear after the election. They came back in bare feet and fraying clothes, determined to sleep at the foot of Mr. Sherriffs's family property until they had their own piece of land.

The adversaries, white and black, stood side by side, with Mr. Sherriffs on one side and the squatters on the other, with everyone smiling their polite good mornings in the awkward détente that has become an accepted daily ritual.

Zarimba Zarimba, 24, a squatter who has been living on the farm since April, said he believed that the battle would soon be over. Soon, he said, the whites will return the land that was stolen from his ancestors decades ago. Soon, he said, he will be tilling his own potatoes, tobacco and corn. He hopes the transfer will be peaceful, he added, but he is ready to fight.

"The nation wants land," Mr. Zarimba said. "We will not leave until we are all satisfied."

The pointed outrage of the white farmers and the steely determination of government officials often mask a complicated reality. High-ranking officials at the white farmers' union are well aware that the 3,000 farms represent two million acres of land, the very acreage of underused land that the union and Western donors have agreed should be given over to landless peasants.

Although the farmers have serious concerns about whether the farms were properly selected, Westerners say union officials have repeatedly promised and failed to deliver their own list of underused farms.

Mr. Mugabe, on the other hand, likes to fault whites for the slow pace of land reform while his government has lacked the will, the capacity and the cash to make redistribution a reality. Over the years, his promises of speedy redistribution were viewed as hollow campaign pledges that ushered in the start of each election season and faded out after the votes had been counted.

But now, after 20 years in power, Mr. Mugabe, 76, seems to feel a sense of urgency. He has watched his popularity plummet. In June, his party lost its overwhelming dominance in Parliament for the first time since 1980, when the nation voted in a new opposition party, the Movement for Democratic Change.

Today, he watched the capital become a ghost town as ordinary citizens ignored the state-controlled media's call for people to report to work.

Mr. Mugabe has been taking several steps to respond to his critics. This week, the government finally devalued the Zimbabwe dollar, a move that was quickly applauded. Last month, Mr. Mugabe formed a cabinet that now includes several highly respected business leaders.

Also today, Mr. Mugabe gave President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa assurances that the government would deal with the lawlessness on the farms. "It's a matter that we discussed," said Mr. Mbeki, who was visiting Mr. Mugabe and said he believed that the issue would be resolved.

Mr. Mbeki has heard that promise before. In April, Mr. Mugabe told Mr. Mbeki that he would bring an end to the violence on the farms. In fact, the violence intensified and further alienated Western donors, who are desperately needed to rescue the flailing economy.


Mugabe turnaround disappoints critics
Reuters - Aug 3 2000 11:51AM ET

HARARE (Reuters) - Zimbabwe President Robert Mugabe denied Thursday that he had given any pledge to force an end to illegal farm invasions and even held out the prospect of further extending his land grab program.

After seeming Wednesday to be ready to compromise, Mugabe's return to a hard line dashed hopes of an economic and political turnaround in the southern African country.

``A president who denies something within 24 hours of saying it does not cheer the market,'' one Harare economist told Reuters after Mugabe told black farmers he still supported the illegal land grab started in February.

``He's kind of added to the general gloom. Investors love some predictability and Mr. Mugabe is handing them the opposite,'' the economist said.

Mugabe had announced after talks with South African President Thabo Mbeki Wednesday that liberation-war veterans who began seizing white farms in February would be moved off the farms by the end of this month.

The statement had been welcomed by Zimbabwe's mainly white commercial farmers and its hard-pressed financial markets, but Mugabe denied Thursday he had ever agreed to end the land grab, saying: ``I didn't say war veterans should be removed.''

Mugabe reaffirmed his intention to take more than 3,000 farms from white owners without compensation for the value of the land and added: ``Whatever we do after the 3,000 farms will be purely complementary, but we are not stopping there.''

Chenjerai Hunzvi, leader of the liberation war veterans who staged the land grab with Mugabe's outspoken support, told Reuters they would stay put, but would not take more farms.

``All war veterans and our landless people on the farms will remain where they are and will not move to any other unoccupied farms, which are not among the 3,000 announced by the national chairman of the Land Acquisition Committee,'' he said.

The opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), which supported a paralyzing one-day strike against Mugabe Wednesday, said his contradictory comments were the first shots in his campaign for a presidential election in 2002.

``It confirms what we have always said, that the president is a populist who says one thing at night and another thing in the morning,'' said MDC Secretary-General Welshman Ncube.

``For him to repudiate what he publicly said, monitored by television and radio, shows that he wants to perpetuate the crisis. He wants war veterans to remain on the farms until another election, in 18 months time,'' he said.

The farm invasions, which have hobbled the country's crucial agriculture industry, along with Zimbabwe's participation in a civil war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, have driven the country's economy to the brink of collapse.

With foreign reserves down to about one day's imports, unemployment at 50 percent, inflation at 60 percent and interest rates around 70 percent, the country is in deep recession.

Political violence unleashed by supporters of the ruling ZANU-PF ahead of parliamentary elections in June and Mugabe's anti-white rhetoric have compounded investor concerns.

MUGABE DISMISSES STRIKE MESSAGE

Mugabe lashed out at white ``imperialists'' and scoffed at the nationwide general strike that paralyzed the country, saying it ``was a producer strike ... and it wasn't popular.''

The strike was called by the country's major labor federation, with backing from the Commercial Farmers Union and the opposition Movement for Democratic Change, to press demands for a return to law and order and an end to farm invasions.

Mugabe said he was not afraid of any person or country, adding: ``We can never allow a return to racial oppression. Our land is, to us, first. The donors can stay with their money. We will not give up our land because of what the donors say.''

Donors including the International Monetary Fund and most foreign governments have suspended aid and credit in protest against violence and mismanagement in Zimbabwe.

Mbeki has been heavily criticized for his kid-gloves handling of Zimbabwe's veteran president and has seen his own country's currency hammered by investors fearing South Africa could go the same way as Zimbabwe.

While in Zimbabwe, Mbeki dodged a welcoming hug from Mugabe and spent five hours urging him to end political intimidation by his followers and the occupation of white-owned farms.

``South Africa committed itself to help in any way it can to implement a program for Zimbabwe's economic recovery and to restore Zimbabwe's image abroad,'' said one South African government source.

``There is a lot of movement that needs to be made by the Zimbabwe government. What we basically need to do is to encourage them,'' the source said.

There was no immediate comment from South Africa on Mugabe's apparent repudiation of the concessions he made Wednesday.


Zimbabwe war veterans hold 17 farmers overnight
Reuters - Aug 3 2000 7:14AM ET

HARARE, Aug 3 (Reuters) - Zimbabwe's war veterans held 17 white farmers hostage overnight after they had answered a distress call from another farmer near the capital Harare, a farmers' union official said on Thursday.

The 16 men and one woman were released unharmed on Thursday morning after talks between Commercial Farmers' Union (CFU) representatives and the veterans, Tim Henwood, the CFU president, told Reuters.

``We went there and tried to smooth things out. It seems there was a misunderstanding. The war veterans thought the farmers had come to attack them,'' Henwood said.

One of the hostages, who asked not to be named, said the 17 farmers had responded to an alarm raised by one of their colleagues, who said he was being forced to leave his farm by a group of war veterans on Wednesday.

``When we arrived, a group of 40 war veterans came armed with axes, machetes, hoes and other weapons and ordered us to leave, that we should take one car and leave all others behind. We refused and that's when things turned nasty,'' he said.

``They punctured 10 to 12 of our vehicles and we were slapped around, and they said we had to leave. We were held here overnight. We shared a fire with the veterans and slept in cars,'' the farmer told Reuters by telephone.

The country was brought to a virtual standstill on Wednesday by a strike called to press Mugabe to end political intimidation and the occupation of white-owned farms.

``The situation is very tense. They (veterans) are friendly one minute and very hostile the next,'' the farmer.

Veterans of the 1970s war to liberate the former Rhodesia from British rule and supporters of President Robert Mugabe's ruling ZANU-PF party have occupied hundreds of white-owned farms.

The farm occupations and violence linked to June parliamentary elections have resulted in at least 31 deaths.

In another incident on Wednesday, a dozen war veterans armed with automatic rifles stormed a white-owned farm at Norton, 40 km (25 miles) from Harare, and threatened a manager and a secretary who had talked to reporters about farm invasions.


Zimbabwe Reacts Cautiously to Mugabe Land Plan
Reuters - Aug 3 2000 6:08AM ET

HARARE, Zimbabwe (Reuters) - Zimbabwe's mainly white commercial farmers and its hard-pressed financial markets Thursday cautiously cheered President Robert Mugabe's promise to end the illegal invasion of white-owned farms.

But they said they wanted to see action and not just words.

``In the past, promises have not been followed by delivery, and there has been a wide gap between public statements and what eventually happens on the ground,'' Commercial Farmers Union director David Hasluck told Reuters.

Mugabe, appearing to bow to pressure from visiting South African President Thabo Mbeki, Wednesday promised to remove self-styled war veterans occupying close to 1,000 white-owned farms by the end of August.

At least 31 people including five farmers died in violence linked to the occupation of white-owned farms in the run-up to parliamentary elections in June.

Many of the farms are still under the control of veterans backed by Mugabe, making farming difficult or impossible.

Zimbabwe's weary financial markets remained subdued, but analysts said Mugabe's statement combined with Tuesday's decision to devalue the Zimbabwe dollar by 24 percent to 50 to the U.S. dollar could be signs of hope.

``It's quite a positive start in that the president has never said anything like that before,'' Sagit Stockbrokers analyst Nyasha Chasakara told Reuters.

``But the market right now is not looking for talk, they want to see concrete action being taken to resolve the land issue,'' she said.

A trader with a commercial bank said the market was still preoccupied with the details of Tuesday's devaluation, but added that Mugabe's announcement ``does send hope that maybe now we might start seeing meaningful production resuming on the farms.''

In an interview published by the independent Financial Gazette newspaper Thursday, new Home Affairs Minister John Nkomo said police were ready to deal with rogue elements amongst the veterans who were ignoring orders to vacate farms.

Nkomo said past police inaction had been caused by different statements emanating from various government departments.

``The government will arrest all independence war veterans who are harassing commercial farmers or parceling out farms that they illegally occupy,'' the weekly quoted Nkomo as saying.

Morgan Tzvangirai, leader of the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), said Mugabe's announcement was a response to pressure from his opponents.

``We welcome this development...He realizes that his actions in supporting farm occupations were not sustainable. It is obvious our pressure and international pressure is working.

``Mugabe is isolated and knows he has no other options. He cannot talk of restoring confidence in the economy and encouraging investment in the absence of law and order. Mugabe did not have any other choice, really,'' Tsvangirai told Reuters.

MDC Secretary-General Welshman Ncube added: ``If indeed the exercise will be completed by the end of the month, then this is positive news.

``Mugabe is bowing to the blunt message from Zimbabweans and the international community, including our neighbors South Africa, that he must take action to restore the rule of law if this country's economy has to start on the path of recovery,'' he said.


Mugabe Ready to End Farm Invasions After Strike
Reuters - Aug 2 2000 4:39PM ET

HARARE (Reuters) - President Robert Mugabe said after an anti-government strike that paralyzed Zimbabwe Wednesday he would remove war veterans illegally occupying white-owned farms before the end of the month.

Mugabe told reporters at a news conference he would go ahead with the resettlement of landless blacks on farms seized from whites in terms of a constitutional amendment pushed through parliament earlier this year.

But he said self-styled veterans of the former Rhodesia's 1970s liberation war would be removed from farms not targeted for resettlement.

``In other words, we will, in the process, be removing all war veterans from the rest of the farms that will not be resettled. I want to say, within this month we will have concluded this exercise,'' Mugabe said.

Shops and factories were closed and streets deserted in the three major cities -- Harare, Bulawayo and Masvingo -- as farmers, workers and the political opposition delivered the most broadly based challenge yet to Mugabe's 20-year rule.

Civil servants who had been warned they would be fired if they joined the stoppage appeared to be about the only people who did not heed a Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) call for a strike against lawlessness and the farm occupations.

Police arrested eight youths for interrupting traffic and trying to force compliance with the strike and reported isolated incidents of stoning of cars.

In Norton, west of Harare, a mob of war veterans armed with semi-automatic rifles seized a farm and threatened reporters trying to interview the farm manager and secretary.

FARMERS TAKE GOVERNMENT TO COURT

White farmers went to court at the end of the day to challenge Mugabe's plan to seize more than 3,000 farms for redistribution.

``We have launched a court challenge in the Supreme Court questioning the whole constitutional base on which the government is proceeding on the issue of land acquisition,'' said Commercial Farmers Union (CFU) director David Hasluck.

``We are not seeking to obstruct the land redistribution process because we know that a proper scheme is essential for the country's social and economic stability,'' he told Reuters.

But he said the CFU objected to the coercive way the redistribution program was being handled.

Mugabe's government, narrowly re-elected in June, announced Monday it planned to seize 3,041 white-owned farms -- compared with 804 under a previous plan -- with compensation only for buildings.

It was not clear whether Mugabe was referring to the 200 farms already in government hands, the 804 specifically identified for resettlement or the new figure of more than 3,000 farms when he said resettlement would be completed in August.

The 3,000 farms comprise about half the 12 million hectares of commercial farmland owned by about 4,500 white farmers.

Mugabe spent part of the day in talks with visiting South African President Thabo Mbeki, who said after the meeting he was confident Zimbabwe would restore law and order.

Officials said South Africa was looking at ways to help Zimbabwe recover from deep recession and regain the confidence of Western donors and financial institutions.

With foreign exchange reserves estimated at around one day's imports, unemployment at 50 percent, inflation at 60 percent and interest rates around 70 percent, Zimbabwe is facing its worst economic crisis since independence in 1980.

In the first apparent concession to market demands and international criticism, Mugabe's new finance minister, former businessman Simba Makoni, devalued the Zimbabwe dollar by 24 percent Tuesday, taking it to 50 to the U.S. dollar. The unit trades informally at 60 to the dollar.

Market analysts said the devaluation would encourage exports and boost foreign reserves, which would help farmers and manufacturers and relieve a persistent fuel crisis.

STRIKE HAS POLITICAL AND LABOR BACKING

Wednesday's strike was backed by the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) and the mainly white CFU, who say nothing is being done to rein in government supporters angry at their ZANU-PF party's poor showing in the June election.

The MDC, who highlighted the near collapse of Zimbabwe's economy, won 57 seats to the ruling party's 62 as ZANU-PF targeted the white domination of productive farmland.

In contrast with their usually heavy-handed response to strikes, police operated only small patrols and soldiers were not in evidence as the country ground to a halt Wednesday.

``The government is under great scrutiny at home and internationally, and I think there was a realization in this case that a heavy-handed approach would not do it good,'' said University of Zimbabwe political analyst Alfred Nhema.
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Zimbabwean president Robert Mugabe has pledged to end the illegal occupation of white-owned farms by the end of this month.

Mugabe gave the promise to a news conference after five hours of talks with South African President Thabo Mbeki, reports the Daily News in Zimbabwe.

It is the first time he has given a time frame for the end of the action.

It also follows a one-day strike, in protest against the farm occupations, which brought much of the country to a standstill.

Mugabe says he will go ahead with the resettlement of landless blacks on confiscated white farms but says war veterans currently occupying about 1,000 white-owned farms will be removed from those not targeted for resettlement.

"I am sure you are aware now that there is a process of acquiring land as per the amended law," Mugabe said.

"We will be resettling those who are in need of the land, both those on the farms, who have invaded the farms, and those who have not done so in the communal areas and elsewhere.

"We will, in the process, be removing all war veterans from the farms that are not earmarked for resettlement. The time frame I cannot really say, but certainly I want to say it will be within this month."

War veterans' leader Andrew Ndlovu has refused to comment on the removal of the former freedom fighters from the farms.

"The President must tell us first of what is going to happen and we can only give you our response after meeting him," Ndlovu said.

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